Isingeniso ocwaningweni lwesayensi
Uma unentshisekelo ocwaningweni lwesayensi futhi ufuna ukuqala iphrojekthi yakho yocwaningo, nazi izinyathelo ezi-5 zokukusiza ukuthi uqale uhambo lwakho lwesayensi:
- Nquma isihloko:
Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi ucwaningo lwesayensi, kufanele unqume isihloko ozosicwaninga.
Isihloko kufanele sibe mnandi futhi sihlobane nomkhakha wakho wokufunda noma izinto ozithakaselayo.
Sesha izinkomba zesayensi kanye nocwaningo lwangaphambilini ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isihloko asiphindaphindeki nokuthi kunethuba lokuthuthukisa nokuqamba izinto ezintsha. - Ukulungiselela uhlelo:
Ngemva kokukhetha isihloko, kufanele ulungise uhlelo locwaningo.
Thola izinhloso ezibalulekile zocwaningo kanye nemibuzo ozoyiphendula.
Nquma indlela yokusebenza esetshenzisiwe kanye namathuluzi ozowasebenzisa ukuze uqoqe idatha.
Ungase futhi udinge ukuhlela isikhathi futhi unqume izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze uqedele ucwaningo. - Ukuqoqwa kwedatha:
Ngemva kokulungisa uhlelo, ungaqala ukuqoqa idatha edingekayo yocwaningo lwakho.
Lokhu kungase kudinge ukwenza inhlolokhono noma uhlu lwemibuzo, noma ukuqapha nokuhlaziya idatha ekhona.
Kufanele uqaphele futhi uqaphele ngenkathi uqoqa idatha, njengoba ukunemba kwedatha kuthinta ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwemiphumela. - ukuhlaziya idatha:
Ngemva kokuqoqa idatha, yithuba lokuyihlaziya.
Kufanele uhlaziye idatha usebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zezibalo kanye nesofthiwe yokuhlaziya idatha efanele.
Ungasebenzisa ihluzo namathebula ukuze ubone imiphumela ngendlela eqondakala kalula. - Ukubhalwa kombiko:
Ekugcineni, ngemva kokuhlaziya idatha nokufika emiphumeleni, kufanele ubhale umbiko wocwaningo.
Umbiko kufanele ufake isingeniso esiphelele sesihloko, incazelo yohlelo olusetshenzisiwe, okutholakele, kanye nezincomo.
Nemba futhi uhlele ngenkathi ubhala umbiko wakho, futhi qiniseka ukuthi uhlola amaphutha ohlelo nesipelingi ukuze uthole umbiko wokugcina omuhle.
Yiziphi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zesingeniso socwaningo lwesayensi?
- Isibonisi senkinga:
Isingeniso socwaningo siqala ngokwethula inkinga ucwaningo oluhlose ukuyixazulula.
Inkinga kufanele ichazwe ngokucacile nangokucacile, ngokugqamisa ukuntula noma igebe olwazini lwamanje, noma inkinga engokoqobo edinga ukuxazululwa. - Umbono womlando:
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyasiza ukubhekana nomlando wocwaningo esingenisweni, okungukuthi, ukuchaza ukuthi inkinga yaba kanjani udaba olubalulekile nokuthi umlando wocwaningo kule ndawo ubuyini kuze kube manje.
Lokhu kusiza ukuhlela inkinga futhi kuqondise umfundi ekubalulekeni kocwaningo olwethuliwe. - Ukucaciswa kwetiyetha:
Kule ngxenye yesingeniso, kufanele kugqanyiswe imibono nemibono ehlobene nenkinga efundwayo.
Kufanele kuchazwe ukuthi le miqondo ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukuze kuqondwe kangcono inkinga, ukuze kuqiniswe ukukholelwa komfundi ngokubaluleka kocwaningo. - Misa i-hypothesis yocwaningo:
I-hypothesis yocwaningo ingenye yezinto ezivelele nezibalulekile zesingeniso socwaningo.
I-hypothesis yocwaningo kufanele ivezwe ngokucacile nangokuqondile, futhi kufanele ichazwe kabanzi ngendlela yokuqinisekisa noma ukuyiphika le nkolelo-mbono esimweni socwaningo. - ucwaningo luhlose:
Isingeniso socwaningo siveza izinhloso umcwaningi ahlose ukuzifeza.
Lezi zinhloso kufanele zilinganiseke futhi zibonise uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlongozwayo ocwaningweni. - ukubaluleka kocwaningo:
Isingeniso socwaningo kumele sichaze ukubaluleka kocwaningo nokuthi luzoba negalelo kanjani ekunothiseni ulwazi nasekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wocwaningo.
Idatha nezibalo zingasetshenziswa ukufakazela ukubaluleka kocwaningo. - Indlela Yokucwaninga:
Ekupheleni kwesingeniso socwaningo, kumele kuchazwe indlela yokusebenza esetshenziswe ocwaningweni.
Kumele kuchazwe ukuthi idatha izoqoqwa futhi ihlaziywe kanjani kanye namathuluzi asetshenziswe ocwaningweni.
Sinamagama amangaki isingeniso?
Ukubhala isingeniso socwaningo lwesayensi kuthathwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiluphi ucwaningo lwesayensi olwenziwe, njengoba umcwaningi kufanele achaze inkinga yocwaningo, ukubaluleka kwalo kanye nezinjongo, ngaphezu kwemibuzo yocwaningo kanye nemikhawulo.
Mayelana nenani lamagama esingenisweni, liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezilawuli kanye nomhlahlandlela wenyuvesi umcwaningi ethula ngayo umsebenzi wakhe.
Isibonelo, emanyuvesi amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, inani elincane lamagama esingeniso lihluka phakathi kwamagama angama-300 kuya kwangama-700, kuye ngezidingo nemithethonqubo yenyuvesi.
Umcwaningi kufanele abambelele kulezi zilawuli futhi aqinisekise ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wamukelwa ngokufanele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umcwaningi kufanele acabangele indlela yokubhala imibhalo eyamukelwa lapho ebhala izinkomba futhi encika kumhlahlandlela wenyuvesi.
Isibonelo, umcwaningi kufanele abhale izinkomba ngendlela efanele ngokwesitayela sombhalo esigunyaziwe, noma ngabe i-APA, i-MLA, noma ezinye.
Ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukuba umcwaningi wesayensi athembele ekusetshenzisweni kwamagama acacile namagama esayensi aziwayo, abonisa incazelo eyodwa neqondile.
Umbhalo kufanele futhi ucoceke futhi uhleleke, ukuze kube lula ngomfundi ukuwufunda nokuqonda.
Esimeni sethisisi ye-master's, inani lamagama esethulweni lincike kuzinkombandlela nezilawuli zenyuvesi kanye nomnyango wayo oneziqu.
Kungase kube nemingcele ethile yamagama esingeniso, futhi ingase ishiywe ivulekile ukuze umcwaningi ayibhale ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezithile zocwaningo kanye nenyuvesi.
Ingabe isingeniso ngaphambi kwenkomba?
Kunconywa ukuthi isingeniso sibe nezinto ezilandelayo:
- Isihloko socwaningo: sibhekisa esihlokweni esijwayelekile socwaningo.
- Ukubaluleka kwesihloko socwaningo nesizathu sokusikhetha: Uchaza isizathu sokukhetha isihloko nokubaluleka kwaso endimeni.
- Inhloso yocwaningo, ukubaluleka kwalo, kanye nesizathu sokulubhala: Lubonisa inhloso efiselekayo yocwaningo kanye nezinga lokubaluleka kwalo ekwengezeni umnikelo omusha.
- Izigaba zephepha: fingqa inkinga ekhonjwe ocwaningweni, futhi unikeze isizinda ngesihloko ukuze umfundi azuze ukuqonda ngaphambi kokuhlaziya.
Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubeka isingeniso ngaphambi kwekhasi lenkomba yephepha locwaningo.
Isingeniso sisiza ukuqondisa umfundi futhi sethula ulwazi olubalulekile ngesihloko.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemithombo futhi uhlole ukuhleleka kwezihloko ngaphambi kokubhala isingeniso nekhasi lenkomba.
Kufanele futhi kwenziwe ukulungiswa okudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lombhalo futhi kukhethwe izigaba ezifanele ukuze senze isethulo sikhange isithakazelo nokufunda.
| inombolo yekhasi | Isihloko |
|---|---|
| 1 | isingeniso |
| 2 | okuqukethwe |
| 3 | Isahluko 1: Ukuchaza inkinga |
| 4 | Isahluko 2: Izindlela zocwaningo ezisetshenzisiwe |
| 5 | Isahluko 3: Imiphumela kanye nokuhlaziya |
| 6 | Isahluko 4: Iziphetho |
| 7 | obuyekeza |
| 8 | Ngiyabonga nokwazisa |
Uyini umqondo wocwaningo lwesayensi?
Umqondo wocwaningo lwesayensi ubhekisele ohlelweni oluhlelekile noluhlelekile oluhloselwe ukuzuza izixazululo zezinkinga ezithile noma ukuphendula imibuzo ethile kusetshenziswa izindlela zesayensi ezinembile.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwenziwa umcwaningi wesayensi, noma ngabe ungumfundi noma uprofesa ekolishi noma enyuvesi.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi ludinga ukuqoqa, ukuhlaziya kanye nokutolika idatha enokwethenjelwa nolwazi, ngenhloso yokuthola amaqiniso acacile kanye nokwengeza olwazini olukhona lwesayensi.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luyindlela ebalulekile yokuthola amaqiniso amasha nokwandisa ulwazi emikhakheni eyahlukene yesayensi.
Yiziphi izingxenye zesethulo?
- Imisho yesingeniso:
Umusho oyisingeniso umusho osetshenziswa ukuqalisa isifundo.
Lo musho uveza izinhloso kanye nezinkomba zomcwaningi ocwaningweni, futhi uhlanganisa imibuzo umcwaningi azama ukuyiphendula ocwaningweni lwakhe. - Ubunjalo besihloko:
Khuluma ngohlobo lwesihloko ucwaningo oluzokhuluma ngalo kanye nokubaluleka kwaso.
Umcwaningi kumele ethule abafundi ngesimo esijwayelekile socwaningo aphinde agqamise ukubaluleka kocwaningo kulo mkhakha. - ucwaningo luhlose:
Umcwaningi kumele achaze izinjongo zocwaningo ngokucacile nangemininingwane.
Izinhloso kufanele zihambisane nenkinga ucwaningo olubhekana nayo futhi zisize ukuyixazulula noma ukuyixoxisana. - Inkinga yocwaningo:
Kufanele uchaze inkinga ucwaningo lwakho oluxoxa ngayo ngokunembe nangokucacile.
Sebenzisa lesi sici ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kocwaningo kanye nokugqamisa igebe lolwazi ucwaningo lwakho oluzobhekana nalo. - imikhawulo yosesho:
Chaza ngokucacile ububanzi bocwaningo lwakho.
Kubalulekile ukuchaza ukulinganiselwa kobufakazi bakho kanye nezinhlaka ozozisebenzisa ocwaningweni.
Lokhu kusiza abafundi baqonde imikhawulo yocwaningo futhi bagxile endaweni ethile. - Indlela Yokucwaninga:
Yethula abafundi ngendlela yocwaningo ozoyisebenzisa ocwaningweni lwakho.
Ingabe uzolwenza ucwaningo olunobufakazi, inhlolovo, inhlolokhono noma isibuyekezo sesayensi? Uyini umklamo wakho wocwaningo nezindlela zokuqoqa idatha ohlose ukuzisebenzisa? - Isampula yocwaningo:
Chaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ngobani ababambiqhaza ocwaningweni lwakho nokuthi ulithole kanjani isampula.
Misa imithetho yokukhetha kanye nemibandela kanye nesizathu sokukhetha lesi sampula, futhi usho imiphumela yokuqala, uma ikhona. - amathuluzi okusesha:
Nquma amathuluzi ozowasebenzisa ukuze uqoqe futhi uhlaziye idatha.
Le ngxenye kufanele ifake phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwawo wonke amathuluzi, ubuchwepheshe, nesofthiwe ozoyisebenzisa.
Yiziphi izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zocwaningo lwesayensi?
- Ukuchaza inkinga yocwaningo: Ngaphambi kokuqala ucwaningo lwakho, kufanele uchaze inkinga noma udaba ofuna ukuluhlola nokufunda.
Inkinga ingase yaziwa noma ibe yintsha, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ibe nesithakazelo sesayensi futhi ifanele ukufundelwa. - Ukusetha isihloko socwaningo: Ngemva kokuchaza inkinga yocwaningo, kufanele uthuthukise isihloko esifanele nesicacile esibonisa okuqukethwe ucwaningo.
Isihloko kufanele sibe isifinyezo senkinga yocwaningo kanye nalokho ozokufunda ocwaningweni. - Ukubhala isingeniso socwaningo: Kulesi sinyathelo, kufanele ubhale isingeniso socwaningo esichaza inkinga nokubaluleka kwayo, ngaphezu kokunikeza isifinyezo socwaningo lwangaphambilini olwenziwa kulo mkhakha kanye nokutholakele.
- Ukusungula izinjongo nemibuzo: Kufanele uchaze izinjongo eziyinhloko zocwaningo kanye nemibuzo emincane ofuna ukuyiphendula ngocwaningo.
Izinhloso kumele zicace futhi zibe nengqondo, ngaleyo ndlela zisebenzele ukufeza inkinga yocwaningo. - Qoqa ulwazi nezinkomba: Gxila ekuqoqeni ulwazi nezinkomba ezitholakala emkhakheni owufundelayo.
Yenza usesho olubanzi emithonjeni yezemfundo nethembekile futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlonza ulwazi olusekela ucwaningo lwakho futhi olunikela ekuxazululeni inkinga yocwaningo. - Idizayini Yokufunda: Kulesi sinyathelo, dweba isifundo esifanele ukuphendula imibuzo yakho yocwaningo.
Lolu cwaningo lungase luhlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi afana nohlu lwemibuzo, izingxoxo, noma ukuhlaziya idatha ekhona. - Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha nemiphumela: Ngemva kokuqoqa idatha, yihlaziye futhi uphethe imiphumela oyitholile.
Zama ukunemba ekuhumusheni idatha futhi wethule imiphumela ngendlela enengqondo nephumelelayo. - Ukubhala umbiko wocwaningo: Kulesi sinyathelo, bhala umbiko wocwaningo onemininingwane eminingi ohlanganisa isingeniso, izinjongo, indlela yokusebenza, imiphumela, kanye nezincomo.
Qiniseka ukuthi ubhala umbiko ngendlela yesayensi necacile, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ubuyekeza uhlelo lolimi nokunemba kolimi.
Yiziphi izakhi ezakha isingeniso?
- Ubunjalo besihloko: Isethulo kufanele sifake isifinyezo sesihloko ucwaningo oludingida ngaso, ngokujwayelekile, ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni.
Uma ucwaningo lubhekene nokuthuthukisa imfundo, umcwaningi angase akhulume ngokubaluleka kwemfundo kumuntu ngamunye kanye nomphakathi wonkana. - Ukubaluleka kocwaningo: Ukubaluleka kwesihloko socwaningo kanye nesizathu sokukhethwa kwalo kumele kuchazwe esingenisweni.
Umcwaningi angakwazi ukucabangela izifundo zangaphambilini noma athembele esidingweni esiphuthumayo socwaningo ngalesi sihloko. - Izinjongo zocwaningo: Lapha umcwaningi wethula izinjongo zakhe zesayensi, ezingokoqobo nezisetshenziswayo afuna ukuzifeza ngocwaningo.
Izinjongo zingabandakanya ukucacisa nokuqonda into ethile noma ukunikeza isixazululo enkingeni ethile. - Inkinga yocwaningo: Lena inkinga ucwaningo oluzobhekana nayo futhi umcwaningi uzozama ukuyixazulula noma ukuyicacisa.
Inkinga kufanele icace futhi icace ukuze iqondise lonke ucwaningo. - Imikhawulo yocwaningo: Kule ngxenye, umcwaningi uchaza imikhawulo kanye nobubanzi bocwaningo.
Imikhawulo yocwaningo ingase ihlobane nenani labantu elifundwayo, isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokwenza ucwaningo, noma imithetho esebenzayo. - Indlela Yokucwaninga: Le ngxenye ichaza indlela kanye nezindlela ezizosetshenziswa ucwaningo ukuze kufinyelelwe imiphumela edingekayo.
Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusetshenziswa kocwaningo lobuningi noma ucwaningo lwekhwalithi, ithuluzi lokuhlola noma izingxoxo. - Isampula yocwaningo: Lapha umcwaningi uchaza ukuthi isampula elicwaningiwe likhethwe kanjani nokuthi limele kangakanani emphakathini wokuqala.
Ingase futhi ichaze inani labahlanganyeli kanye nezinqubo zabo zokukhetha. - Amathuluzi okucwaninga: Ucwaningo lungase ludinge ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi athile okuqoqa idatha, njengohlu lwemibuzo noma ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
Lawa mathuluzi kanye nemininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwawo kufanele kukhulunywe ngawo esingenisweni.
Uyini umgomo wocwaningo lwesayensi?
1. Chaza futhi uthuthukise ukuqonda:
Umsebenzi omkhulu wocwaningo lwesayensi ukucacisa nokwenza ngcono ukuqonda isihloko.
Umgomo kungase kube ukuhlola into entsha noma ukuqonda inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngocwaningo, ulwazi kanye nedatha kuyaqoqwa futhi kuhlaziywe ngezindlela zesayensi ukuze kunikezwe ukuqonda okujulile nokuphelele kwalesi simo.
2. Incazelo:
Incazelo ingenye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zocwaningo lwesayensi.
Isetshenziswa ngokuqoqa ulwazi nedatha ehlobene nesenzakalo esithile, ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngalokho okusiza umcwaningi ukuba enze isithombe esiphelele salesi sigameko futhi aqonde imininingwane yaso.
3. Ukuxazulula izinkinga:
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luhlose ukutadisha inkinga noma isenzakalo emphakathini othile, ngenhloso yokufika esixazululweni sokugcina nesifanelekile senkinga.
Lokhu kwenziwa ngocwaningo olunzulu nolujulile lwesihloko, kusetshenziswa izinqubo zesayensi ukuze kunqunywe okuthandwayo nokunikeza izixazululo ezingokoqobo.
4. Ukuthuthukisa ulwazi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha:
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luyindlela enkulu yokuthuthukisa ulwazi nokuqanjwa kabusha emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Ucwaningo lunomthelela ekwandiseni imingcele yolwazi nasekutholeni amaqiniso nemibono emisha engeziwe.
Ivumela abacwaningi ukuthi bahlole, bahlole futhi basungule ukuze bathole intuthuko nenqubekelaphambili emikhakheni yabo eyahlukene.
5. Ukulungisa kanye nokuqinisekisa ulwazi olulungile:
Ucwaningo lwesayensi lusebenzela ukulungisa ulwazi olunganembile futhi luqinisekise ulwazi olulungile.
Ngokusetshenziswa kobufakazi nedatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendlela yesayensi, ucwaningo lunomthelela ekususeni imibuzo nokungabaza kanye nokuqinisekisa ulwazi lwesayensi.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luyisikhali esinamandla esisetshenziswa abantu ukwembula amaqiniso amasha nokuthuthukisa ulwazi.
Lezi zinhloso elifuna ukuzifinyelela zenza ucwaningo lwesayensi lube yithuluzi eliwujuqu ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqhubekeleni phambili komphakathi.
Zingaki izindlela zocwaningo lwesayensi ezikhona?
- Indlela yokuhlaziya: Indlela yokuhlaziya ingenye yezindlela ezincane zocwaningo lwesayensi.
Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya imibono, imiqondo, nezehlakalo, futhi igxile ekuhlukaniseni inkinga noma isenzakalo sibe izingxenye ezincane ezingahlaziywa futhi ziqondwe kangcono. - Indlela echazayo: Indlela echazayo igxile ekuthuthukiseni imibono, ukuqoqa ulwazi ngendlela ehlelekile, kanye nokuchaza izenzakalo nemiqondo ebalulekile.
Le ndlela isiza umcwaningi ukuthi aqonde futhi achaze amaqiniso nezigameko ngendlela enemininingwane necacile. - Indlela yomlando: Indlela yomlando isetshenziselwa ukuqonda nokuhlaziya izehlakalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemibono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Le ndlela ibalulekile ekutadisheni izinguquko zomlando kanye nomthelela wazo emiphakathini. - Indlela ephusile: Indlela ephusile isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwesizathu kanye nengqondo ocwaningweni.
Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ubudlelwano phakathi kwemiqondo nokuthuthukisa imibono. - Indlela yefilosofi: Indlela yefilosofi ifuna ukuqonda izenzakalo nezenzakalo ngendlela ejulile, ngokuhlaziya izindinganiso zefilosofi nemiqondo.
Ingabe isingeniso sibukelwa phansi?
Kunenkulumompikiswano evuselelwe phakathi kwabacwaningi mayelana nezinga lapho isingeniso sincishiswa khona ocwaningweni lwesayensi.
Kukhona abakholelwa ukuthi isingeniso siyingxenye ebalulekile yocwaningo lwesayensi, njengoba sicacisa isizinda sesayensi yesihloko futhi sethula inkinga ucwaningo olubhekana nayo.
Ngakho-ke, intshisekelo yokuqamba isingeniso esididiyelwe nesiphelele sibonisa ikhwalithi yocwaningo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubukelwa phansi kwesingeniso kuyishwa, njengoba indima yaso ebalulekile ekudonseni ukunaka komfundi nokucacisa ukubaluleka kocwaningo ishaywe indiva.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukubhala isingeniso kuhlehliswa noma kushaywe indiva ngokuphelele ngokuvuna ezinye izici zocwaningo, ezithinta ukuhlanganiswa nokuqondwa kwalo ngokugcwele.
Kungashiwo ukuthi isingeniso sithathwa njengesisekelo esibalulekile socwaningo lwesayensi, njengoba sichaza isiqondiso saso nezinjongo futhi sibeka umfundi esimweni sesihloko.
Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi kufanele banake ukubhala isingeniso esinamandla nesisha esibonisa ubuhle nokubaluleka kocwaningo.
Kufanele kube amakhasi amangaki ucwaningo lwesayensi?
Inkolelo evamile phakathi kwabacwaningi iwukuthi uhlelo locwaningo lungamakhasi amabili kuphela ubude, kodwa empeleni, uhlelo locwaningo kufanele luqukathe inani elifanele lamakhasi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqondisisa kwesihloko kanye nekhwalithi yocwaningo.
Ngokuvamile, kunconywa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho locwaningo lube phakathi kwamakhasi ayi-10 nangama-20 ubude.
Kuma-dissertations, kungase kube nezidingo ezithile ezivela emanyuvesi mayelana nenani lamakhasi.
Amanye amanyuvesi angadinga ukuthi ithisisi ye-master ingabi ngaphansi kwamakhasi angama-200, kuyilapho ithisisi yobudokotela ingadinga amakhasi angama-300 noma ngaphezulu.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zinombolo zingase zibe izilinganiso ezinzima futhi zihluke kuye ngesihloko kanye nekhono lesayensi.
Ezinye izihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi zingase zidinge indawo eyengeziwe ukuze zichazwe ngokwanele, kuyilapho inani elincane lamakhasi lingase lanele kwezinye izihloko.
Lapho kwenziwa isiphakamiso socwaningo lwesayensi, amanyuvesi nezikhungo zocwaningo zingacacisa inombolo ethile yamakhasi esiphakamiso.
Umcwaningi kufanele ahambisane nalesi sibalo futhi angasikhulisi noma anciphise.
Ngokuvamile, isiphakamiso sisukela emakhasini ama-4 kuye kwayi-15.
