Ukuhunyushwa kwephupho ngokubona isithandwa sami ngu-Ibn Sirin

Nora Hashem
2024-04-03T14:36:11+02:00
Amaphupho ka-Ibn Sirin
Nora HashemIhlolwe ngu samar samEphreli 29 2023Isibuyekezo sokugcina: enyangeni engu-XNUMX edlule

Ukuhunyushwa kwephupho ngokubona isithandwa sami

Ukubona umthandi wangaphambili ephusheni lentombazane eyodwa kungase kubonise imizwa yokulangazelela nokulangazelela izikhathi ezidlule.
Leli phupho lingase libonise ukuthi angase abhekane nezinselele noma izivivinyo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi iphupho libikezela ukuthi izindaba ezijabulisayo zizofika kuye maduze, noma ukuthi uzothola izibuyekezo ezihlobene nalowo muntu ongekho, futhi uNkulunkulu uSomandla wazi kangcono.

Ukubona othandekayo - incazelo yamaphupho online

Ukuhunyushwa kokubona othandekayo ephusheni ngu-Ibn Sirin

Lapho umuntu omthandayo evela ephusheni lakho, lokhu kungase kube ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa yothando nothando onalo kuye.
Uma lo muntu emamatheka ephusheni, kuhunyushwa ukuthi izindaba eziphathelene nomshado nomshado zizohamba kahle futhi ngaphandle kokubhekana nobunzima.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ebonakala edabukile noma ethukuthele, lokhu kungase kubonise izithiyo noma izinkinga ebuhlotsheni.
Amaphupho lapho umuntu omthandayo ebonakala ekhala aphethe incazelo yokususa izinkathazo nosizi, kanti uma ehleka, lokhu kungase kusho ukuba khona kobunzima obungase bufiphaze ubuhlobo.

Ukuhamba ephusheni eceleni kwakho nomthandi wakho emgwaqeni omude kungase kubhekwe njengenkomba yokulibaziseka ekufinyeleleni umshado, kuyilapho ukuhamba emgwaqeni omnyama kufanekisela ukwenza izenzo ezizoba nemiphumela emibi.
Ngenkathi nigijima ndawonye kuhunyushwa ngokuthi ukususa usizi nezinkinga.

Izingxoxo ezingathi sína noma izingxabano ezinkulu ephusheni nesithandwa ziveza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukungezwani, kuyilapho ukuhleka nokuncokola kubonisa ukuthi isibopho phakathi kwalaba ababili siqine kangakanani.
Ukuphupha ukuthola ucingo oluvela kumthandi ubikezela ukufika kwezindaba ezivela kuye, futhi isihlamba ephusheni sifanekisela ukujula kothando phakathi kwamaqembu amabili.

Ukuphupha ukuthi isithandwa sakho siphenduke isalukazi kungase kubonise ukulahlekelwa ithemba ekufezeni umshado kuye, kuyilapho ukuphupha ukuthi isithandwa sakho siphenduke ingane kubonisa ukuntula ukuvuthwa noma ikhono lakhe lokuthwala umthwalo wemfanelo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le mibono ayichazwanga ekuchazeni amaphupho kwakudala, njengaleyo eyabhalwa u-Ibn Sirin.

Ngokuphindaphindiwe ukubona isithandwa sakho ephusheni

Ukubonakala komuntu omthandayo ngokuphindaphindiwe emaphusheni akho kungase kubonise ukusondelana kwemizwa yakho kulo muntu kanye nokujula kokuxhumana okungokomzwelo okuzwa kuye.
Lapho othile elokhu engena emaphusheni akho ngemva kokuhlukana, cishe kuwukubonakaliswa kwesifiso esinamandla sokuphinde axhumane nalobo buhlobo.
Ukuphupha ngowayethandana naye kungabonisa nethemba elifiphele lokuvuselela ubuhlobo.

Uma amaphupho akho ehlanganisa ukubukeka komlingani wakho oshonile, lokhu kungase kubonise imizwa yakho yesizungu nokulahlekelwa.
Ukuphupha ngesithandwa esikude nawe kungase kubonise ukulangazelela nokumlangazelela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uzithola uphupha ngomuntu omthandayo kusuka ohlangothini olulodwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, lokhu kungase kube ubufakazi bokufuna ukunakwa nokunakekelwa kwabanye.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izincazelo zamaphupho ziningi futhi zihlukahlukene, futhi umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongawachaza uMdali uSomandla.

Ukubona isithandwa ngemva kokuhlukana ephusheni

Emaphusheni, ukubonakala komuntu othandekayo ngemva kwesikhathi sokuhlukana kungase kuqokomise imizwa yokulangazelela nezinkumbulo ezifudumele esisenazo ngabo.
Uma lo muntu ebonakala edangele, lokhu kungase kubonise umuzwa wakhe wokuzisola nesifiso sokuvuselela ubuhlobo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukubukeka kwakhe kuthukuthele, kungase kubonise imizwa yokusola nokusola akuphethe.
Uma ehleka, kungase kuqokomise ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka okufihlwe ngemva kobuso obujabulisayo.

Lo muntu okuvakashela ngephupho ekhaya lakho angaphatha imiyalezo eyakhayo, njengezindaba ezinhle nenjabulo.
Futhi, ukuhlangana naye ngemva kwesikhathi sokuhlukana kungase kubonise ukuvulwa kwama-horizons amasha ukuqinisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwenu.

Ukubuya komthandi wakho ngemva kokuhlukana ephusheni kuyinkomba yesinyathelo sakhe sokusondela futhi, futhi uma umbona ekubiza ephusheni, kubonisa ukuthi uzozwa izindaba ezihlobene naye.
Ukugona ephusheni ngemva kwesikhathi sokuhlukana kungase kubonise ubukhulu bobuhlungu nokulangazelela okuhambisana nokuhlukana.
Ukumbona eqabula ngemva kokuhlukana kukhombisa ukuthi uzwakalisa amazwi okudumisa nothando kuye.

Ukuhunyushwa kokubona isithandwa ekhaya ephusheni

Lapho umlingani ebonakala endlini yomuntu ngesikhathi sephupho, lokhu kuvame ukukhombisa intuthuko enhle nenhle engaholela ekuthembiseni umshado noma umshado osemthethweni.
Uma umama noma ubaba womlingani ebonakala ephusheni, lokhu kubonisa impumelelo yomuntu ekufinyeleleni imigomo nezifiso zakhe, futhi kuyinkomba yezindaba ezibushelelezi nokufeza ukuvumelana komndeni.
Imibuthano yomndeni ehlanganisa umndeni womlingani iwuphawu lokwamukela nokwaneliseka ngobudlelwano.

Uma umlingani ephusheni efika ezovakashela ikhaya lomuntu, lokhu kumemezela izindaba ezijabulisayo ezivela kuye.
Futhi, ukubonakala komlingani ephusheni lokuphakamisa umshado kubhekwa njengenkomba yokunqoba ubunzima obabumi endleleni yalobu buhlobo.

Izikhathi ezichithwe nomlingani wakho ekhaya ngaphakathi kwephupho nazo zinezincazelo ezibalulekile; Izwakalisa ukuzola nokuzinza kwemizwa umuntu akuzwayo enomlingani wakhe.
Ukukhuluma nomlingani wakho ephusheni kubonisa ukuqonda okujulile nokuvumelana okukhona ebuhlotsheni.

Ukuxabana nesithandwa ephusheni

Emaphusheni, ingxoxo evuthayo nomlingani ifanekisela ukuba khona kwezithiyo ezingase zithinte ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo.
Ukubonakala kwemizwa yentukuthelo nokungqubuzana kuveza isimo sokungazinzi nomunye umuntu.
Uma umuntu ezithola ehlambalaza umlingani wakhe ephusheni, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amazwi angawasho aqine kangakanani.
Futhi, ingxabano efinyelela eqophelweni lokuthukwa ikhombisa ukuphatha imizwa.

Ukukhala phakathi nengxabano kubonisa ukuqeda ukudabuka kanye nesiqalo esisha esigcwele ithemba, kuyilapho ukuphupha ukubuyisana ngemva kwengxabano kubonisa ukushabalala kwezinkinga nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo.

Ukuzwa umlingani wakho eklabalasa ephusheni kungase kumelele ukuthola amazwi alimazayo kuye, futhi ukungqubuzana okunzima emaphusheni kungase kubonise isimemo sokugxeka okwakhayo.
Ukuphupha ngokushaya umlingani wakho kubonisa ukuziphendulela nokuzisola kwakhe, futhi uma owesifazane ebona ukuthi umlingani wakhe uyamshaya, lokhu kungase kufanekisela ukuthi uhlambalazwa noma uphathwa kabi.

Ukuhunyushwa kokugona nokuqabula isithandwa ephusheni

Ukuhlangana nabathandekayo emaphusheni kukhombisa ukujula kobudlelwano nemizwa yokuxhumana phakathi kwabo.
Lapho umuntu ephupha ukuthi ubamba othile amthandayo ngokulangazelela nangokulangazela, lokhu kubonisa ukunamathela kwakhe okuqinile nemizwa ejulile ngalo muntu.
Ukugona phambi kwawo wonke umuntu ephusheni kungase kumemezele isimemezelo esiseduze sobuhlobo obusemthethweni phakathi kwabo, njengokuthembisana umshado.
Ngokuqondene nokwangana okubandayo nokomile ephusheni, kungase kube isixwayiso sokuthi lowo ophuphayo angase aveze ukukhohliswa noma ukudumazeka okuvela kumthandi.
Uma ukwanga kugcwele ukudabuka nokuvalelisa, kubikezela ukuthi kungenzeka ngokwehlukana.

Ngokuphathelene nokushintshanisa ukuqabula emaphusheni, ukwanga komthandi emlonyeni kungase kubonise imizwa yokuzisola kanye nesifiso sokubuyisana nokubuyisela ukuzwana, kuyilapho ukuqabula esihlathini ngokuvamile kubonisa inzuzo nokuhle ukuthi umthandi angaletha kumphuphi.
Ngokuqondene nokumanga esandleni, kubonisa inhlonipho nokwazisa, futhi kungase kubonise isifiso somthandi sokwenza isithembiso esingathi sína somshado.

Ukubona umthandi eqabula ikhanda lakhe ephusheni kubonisa inhlonipho ejulile nokwazisa ngalo muntu, kuyilapho ukumanga esihlathini ephusheni kungase kubonise isifiso sokucela usizo noma ukusekelwa kumlingani.
Yonke le mibono ibonisa izilinganiso eziningi zobudlelwano bothando nokuthi amaphupho angaveza kanjani izifiso zethu, ukwesaba, namathemba obudlelwano.

Ukubona umshado nesithandwa sakho ephusheni

Ephusheni, umbono womshado unezincazelo eziningi nezincazelo ezishintshashintshayo phakathi kwethemba nokukhathazeka.
Uma umuntu ezibona eshada nomuntu amthandayo, leli phupho lingahunyushwa njengenkomba yokuthi isikhathi senjabulo nokuzinza ebudlelwaneni sisondela.
Kodwa-ke, uma iphupho liphathelene nokushada nomuntu omthandayo esikhathini esidlule, kungase kubonise isifiso sokuhlangana kabusha nokuxhumana okungenzeka.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubona ukuhlukana noma isehlukaniso ngemva komshado ephusheni kubonisa ukuphela kwesiteji noma izinguquko ezingase zenzeke endleleni yokuphila komphuphi.
Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu ebona ephusheni lakhe ukuthi umshado awuzange wenzeke, lokhu kungase kubonise ukubhekana nobunzima noma ukuhlukana.

Lapho iphupho libonakala sengathi isithandwa sishada nomunye umuntu, lokhu kungase kubonise umuzwa womuntu wokungakwazi ukuqedela umzamo othile noma ukufeza umgomo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubona umcimbi ngokwawo noma umuntu engumlobokazi walowo amthandayo kubhekwa njengenkomba yezindaba ezinhle nezimo ezithuthukayo.

Kalula nje, izincazelo zamaphupho ngomshado ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo nemininingwane engaphakathi kwephupho, futhi zihlanganisa ukubonakaliswa kwezifiso zomuntu siqu zomphuphi, ukwesaba, kanye nalokho akulindele.

Uphawu lokulala nesithandwa ephusheni

Ukukhulumisana ngokomzwelo emaphusheni ethu nabantu ababaluleke kakhulu kithi, njengomlingani wothando, kungabonisa izinga lobuhlobo nokujwayela okwabiwe phakathi kwamaqembu amabili.
Isibonelo, uma ephusheni lomuntu ebonakala eveza imizwa yakhe ngokukhululekile futhi exhumana eduze nomlingani wakhe, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi kukhona ukuvumelana okuqinile nobungane kulobo buhlobo.

Komunye umongo, iphupho lapho umlingani ebonakala ngokubukeka okuphambene neqiniso lakhe, njengokuziphatha ngendlela engaqondakali noma ukwenza izenzo ezingahambisani nobuntu bakhe obaziwayo, kungase kubonise ukukhathazeka noma ukungabaza okungena ekwazisweni kwalowo ophuphayo mayelana nobuqotho. yobudlelwano noma ukucaca kwemizwa yomunye umuntu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphupho ahilela izimo ezithile, njengokubhekana nezimo ezibonakala ngezingxabano, umona, noma ngisho nokungqubuzana, angase agqamise ukwesaba kwangaphakathi noma izinselele ezikhona ubudlelwano obungase bubhekane nazo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzindla ngale miyalezo engaphansi kokuqonda nokusebenza ukuze uyiqonde ngokucacile ukuze usekele ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwane obunempilo.

Ngenkathi amanye amaphupho eveza ukwesaba kwethu nokufisa kwethu, ukuhloniphana nokuqondana kuhlala kuyizimiso ezibalulekile okufanele zigqugquzelwe kubo bonke ubudlelwano.
Amaphupho angenza njengesibuko esibonisa okwenzekayo ezingqondweni nasezinhliziyweni zethu, ngakho kufanele aphathwe ngokuhlakanipha nangokucophelela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenzelana kwethu komphakathi nokungokomzwelo.

Incazelo yokufa kwesithandwa ephusheni

Ephusheni, ukubona ukulahlekelwa umlingani kuthwala izincazelo eziningi ezihlobene nobudlelwane nemizwa.
Uma umphuphi ebona ukufa okungazelelwe komlingani wakhe, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuba khona kwezinselele ezingalindelekile ezingase ziholele ekuhlukaneni.
Ukubona ukufa ngenxa yokugula nakho kungabonisa ukuntula ukwethembeka noma ukungaziphathi kahle komlingani.
Komunye umongo, ukufa ngenxa yengozi kufanekisela ubunzima obungakhinyabeza ukuqhubeka kobudlelwano.

Ukukhala ngesithandwa esishonile ephusheni kukhombisa ukudabuka nokudabuka ngokuhlukana.
Uma ukukhala kukhulu, kungase kubonise ukuphelelwa ithemba nomuzwa wokulahlekelwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubona othandekayo ebuyela ekuphileni kusikisela ithemba lokunqoba izithiyo nokuzizwa ekhululekile ngemva kwesikhathi sobunzima.
Futhi, ukubona isithandwa esishonile kungase kubonise ukulangazelela nokulangazelela ukuba khona kwakhe.

Ukubonisa uthando ngesithandwa esishonile ngokugona noma ukuqabula ephusheni kungase kufanekisele isifiso somphuphi sokuthola ukwesekwa nokunakekelwa, noma kungase kumelele ukuzwa imizwa yokuzisola noma yokuthethelelwa ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuyiveza empeleni.
Le mibono inezincazelo ezijulile ezihlukahluka kuye ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu kanye nemizwelo.

Ukuhunyushwa kokubona umthandi ephusheni kwabesifazane abangashadile

Lapho owesifazane osemusha ongashadile ebona umlingani wakhe emaphusheni, lokhu kubhekwa njengophawu lwemizwa ejulile nothando olukhulu analo ngaye.
Uma umlingani ebonakala ngemva kwesikhathi sokuphazamiseka ephusheni lakhe, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukhumbula kakhulu lo muntu eqinisweni lakhe.
Uma isithandwa sibonakala silele, lokhu kungumbono ongabonisa ukungabi khona kwezinhloso zobudlelwane obusemthethweni naye.
Ngokuqondene nephupho lapho yena nesithandwa sakhe behamba khona noma behamba ndawonye, ​​libonisa ukwabelana ngezikhathi nezimo naye.

Ukubingelela umthandi ephusheni kuletha izindaba ezinhle zokuphela kwezingxabano nokungezwani, kuyilapho ukukhuluma naye ephusheni kubonisa ukuxhumana nokuzinza ngokomzwelo intombazane eyithola naye.
Ukubonakala komthandi endlini yentombazane eyodwa ngesikhathi sephupho kungase kube inkomba yezinsuku ezizayo zobudlelwane obunzima noma ukuzibandakanya.

Uma ubona umama wesithandwa sakho ephusheni, lokhu kuhunyushwa njengokusiza nokumemezela ikusasa eliqhakazile lobuhlobo kanye nethuba lokuthi liphenduke umshado.
Ukwanga nokuqabula kwesithandwa kuveza uthando oluqotho nolunamandla intombazane enalo ngaye.
Ekuphetheni, uma owesifazane ongashadile ezithola ephusheni lakhe esimweni sokusondelana ngokwedlulele nesithandwa sakhe, njengokuya ocansini, lokhu kuyinkomba yokujula nokuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo.

Ukuhunyushwa kokubona umthandi ephusheni owesifazane oshadile

Lapho isithombe somlingani wangaphambili sibonakala emaphusheni wesifazane oshadile, lokhu kungase kube isibonakaliso sokubuyekeza izinkumbulo nezimo ezivela esikhathini esidlule eziphethe izincazelo eziningi nezimpawu ngaphakathi kwazo.
Uma owesifazane oshadile ezithola ephusheni njengokungathi ushada futhi nomuntu ayemthanda ngaphambili, lokhu kungase kufanekise ukulangazelela kwakhe isikhathi esidlule ukuthi akasenawo amandla okubuyela noma ashintshe noma yikuphi imicimbi.
Ukubona ubuhlobo obuseduze nomuntu owayekade ethandana naye kuveza mhlawumbe ukuvuselelwa kobunye ubudlelwano obudala obushiye umbono emphefumulweni.

Ngokuqondene nokubingelela noma ukubingelela isithandwa esidala ephusheni, kungase kubonise ukuthola izindaba ezihlobene nalo muntu.
Nakuba iphupho libonisa ukushona komlingani wangaphambili, libonisa ukufiphala nokushabalala kwezinkumbulo ezihlobene naye.
Ukubukeka kwekhaya komuntu owayeyisithandwa kungaveza imihlangano engaba khona nabangani noma abantu bakudala.

Esimweni lapho iphupho lifakaza umyeni eshaya umthandi wangaphambili, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi owesifazane uzobhekana nokusola noma isiyalo kumyeni wakhe empeleni.
Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwamaphupho kuwukubonakaliswa kwemizwa nezinkumbulo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingase ziphazamise ubudlelwano bamanje kanye nesimo somuntu esingokwengqondo.

Ukuhunyushwa kokubona umthandi ephusheni owesifazane okhulelwe

Emaphusheni wesifazane okhulelwe, ukubonakala komlingani kuthwala izincazelo ezijulile ezihlobene nokuba ngumama kanye nokulangazelela ukuqinisekiswa.
Isibonelo, lapho owesifazane ephupha umyeni wakhe noma umlingani wakhe, lokhu kuhunyushwa njengenkomba yokuthi unqobe isigaba sokukhathala nokukhathala futhi wangena esikhathini esigcwele ukuphumula nokuthula.
Uma umlingani wakhe wangaphambili ebonakala ephusheni enikeza ukusekela nobubele, lokhu kungase kubonise ukulangazelela kowesifazane ukuthola usizo nokusekelwa kulabo abaseduze naye, abaphethe indawo ekhethekile enhliziyweni yakhe.

Ngokuqondene namaphupho ahlanganisa ukusebenzisana nomuntu owayeshade naye, njengokuqabulana noma ukuhamba ndawonye, ​​angase abonise ukuthi owesifazane okhulelwe uzitika ngokucabanga okungenazithelo okungalethi nzuzo, noma ukuthi uthola iseluleko esibalulekile nemibono engase ibe nomthelela. izinqumo zakhe.
Uma iphupho lihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa noma ukufa komlingani wangaphambili, lokhu kungase kufanekisele imizwa yokudabuka nokucindezeleka okungase kubuse owesifazane okhulelwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibucayi sokuphila kwakhe.

Kwesinye isimo, iphupho lokufuna umlingani wangaphambili noma ukumvakashela ekhaya liphethe izincazelo ezahlukene. Ukusesha kuveza isifiso sowesifazane okhulelwe sokuzizwa enakekelwa futhi enakekelwa, kuyilapho ukuvakasha kwakhe kungase kumemezele usuku lokuzalwa oluseduze, futhi mhlawumbe neseluleko mayelana nobulili bomntwana uma umlingani esevele ehlezi ngaphakathi endlini, njengoba kukholakala ukuthi. ukuthi lokhu kukhomba ukuzalwa komntwana wesilisa.

Lezi zincazelo zifingqa ukujula kwezincazelo kanye nezimpawu ezingase zithwale amaphupho abesifazane abakhulelwe, zikhomba ukubaluleka kokusekelwa ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo phakathi nalesi sigaba esibalulekile empilweni yowesifazane.

Ukuhunyushwa kokubona umthandi ephusheni lowesifazane ohlukanisile

Emaphusheni abesifazane abahlukanisile, ukubona umlingani wabo wangaphambili uphethe izincazelo eziningi ezincike esimweni sephupho.
Lapho owesifazane ohlukanisile ebona othile owayenendawo ekhethekile ekuphileni kwakhe kwangaphambili, lokhu kungase kubonise isiqalo esisha noma ukulangazelela izinsuku zakudala nezinkumbulo ezimnandi.
Ukubona izingxabano noma ukungezwani nalo muntu kufanekisela izinselele ezikhona empilweni yakhe, kuyilapho ukubona ukusebenzisana naye okunobudlova noma okunonya kuveza ukuzigxeka noma ukusola.

Ukuphupha ngokushada nomuntu ofanayo kungabikezela ithuba lokuhlangana kabusha ekuphileni okuvukayo, kuyilapho okuhlangenwe nakho kokusondelana noma ukuxhumana okujulile kubonisa isidingo sokuxhumana ngokomzwelo nabanye.
Ukubona ukulahlekelwa noma ukufa kwalo muntu kungase kusho ukuvala kokugcina kwesahluko esinzima noma udaba olusalindile empilweni yakhe.

Ukubonakala komthandi wangaphambili endlini yowesifazane ohlukanisile ngesikhathi sephupho kungase kuhunyushwe njengesibonakaliso sethemba elivuselelwe ngamathuba amasha angokomzwelo.
Amaphupho ahlanganisa ukubonakaliswa kothando noma ukusekela, njengokugona, aphakamisa ukusesha kokuphepha nokuqinisekisa.
Ngokuqondene nokuphupha ngokuqabula, kungase kubonise isifiso sokubekezelelana noma ukunqoba ukungezwani kwangaphambili.

Yonke imibono ephusheni lowesifazane ohlukanisile iphethe imilayezo ehlukene ebonisa isimo sakhe esingokwengqondo kanye nezifiso zokuphila ngemva kwesehlukaniso, okwenza ukuchazwa kwamaphupho kube umbono womuntu siqu ohluka ngokuvumelana nokuhlangenwe nakho nemizwa ehlukene.

Shiya amazwana

ikheli lakho le-imeyili ngeke lishicilelwe.Izinkambu eziyisibopho zikhonjiswa ngu *