Isingeniso sekhompiyutha Bubaluleke ngani ikhompuyutha ezimpilweni zethu?

Isingeniso kumakhompyutha

1. Incazelo elula:
   Ikhompyutha, eyaziwa nangokuthi ikhompyutha, iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esisetshenziselwa ukucubungula, ukugcina kanye nokuthola ulwazi.
   Incike kakhulu ku-software ne-hardware ukwenza imisebenzi yayo.
   Amakhompiyutha afika ngezindlela eziningi nosayizi, kusukela kumadivayisi aphathekayo kuya kumasistimu amakhulu enethiwekhi.
2. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo:
   Ikhompyutha iqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa iyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi (CPU), okuwubuchopho bekhompiyutha, eyenza imisebenzi futhi ilawule izinsiza.
   Ezinye izingxenye zihlanganisa inkumbulo (RAM), esetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha yesikhashana, kanye ne-hard drive noma i-SSD, esetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha unomphela.
   Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhompuyutha iqukethe isikrini sokuveza ulwazi, ikhibhodi, kanye negundane ukuze uxhumane nalo.
3. Amasistimu okusebenza:
   Izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompyutha ziyahlukahluka, kodwa ezidume kakhulu yiWindows, Mac OS neLinux.
   Amasistimu okusebenza ahlinzeka ngesixhumi esibonakalayo ukuze umsebenzisi asebenzisane nekhompyutha futhi aqhube izinhlelo.
   Isistimu yokusebenza ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile nokusebenza okuhlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi bayo.
4. ukuhlela:
   Ukuhlela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yekhompyutha.
   Isetshenziselwa ukubhala izinhlelo namakhodi acacisa ukuthi imisebenzi yenziwa kanjani kukhompyutha.
   Isoftware isebenzisa izilimi ezahlukahlukene njengePython, C++, neJava.
   Ngenxa yokuhlela, ikhompuyutha ingenza imisebenzi eyahlukene eyahlukene, kusukela ekucubunguleni izithombe kuya ekuhlaziyweni kwezibalo.
5. Ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo:
   Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, amakhompyutha ayaqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi athuthuke, evula ama-horizons amasha futhi anikeze amathuba angakaze abonwe emikhakheni eminingi, njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, okungokoqobo okubonakalayo, kanye nedatha enkulu.
   Kuhlaba umxhwele ngempela ukubona ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe busetshenziswa kanjani ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke futhi kushintsha ukubukeka kwabo.

Kuyini ukubaluleka ikhompuyutha ezimpilweni zethu?

1. Ukugqugquzela inqubo yemfundo: Ikhompyutha idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yemfundo.
   Ihlinzeka abafundi nothisha ngendlela elula nephumelelayo yokuxhumana nokushintshisana ngolwazi, ngaphezu kokufinyelela izinsiza zemfundo eziku-inthanethi.
2. Ukwandisa umkhiqizo emkhakheni womsebenzi: Ikhompyutha isetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene yobungcweti ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqiza kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lomsebenzi.
   Ivumela ukufinyelela okusheshayo olwazini nedatha, ukuhlela imisebenzi nokuphatha isikhathi kangcono.
3. Ukuthenga nokubhanga nge-elekthronikhi: Ikhompyutha ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthenga zesimanje, njengoba abantu bengakwazi ukuthenga nge-inthanethi kalula nangokuphepha.
   Iphinde inikeze amandla okuphatha ama-akhawunti asebhange ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokuthi uye ebhange.
4. Ukuxhumana Nokuxhumana: Ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha ne-inthanethi, ukuxhumana nabantu emhlabeni wonke sekulula kakhulu kunangaphambili.
   Abantu bangenza kalula amakholi evidiyo, bathumele imilayezo esheshayo, futhi babelane ngamafayela ngemidiya yezokuxhumana.
5. Ukuzijabulisa nokuzijabulisa: Ikhompiyutha iyinkundla yokuzijabulisa nokuzijabulisa, lapho abantu bengabuka khona amafilimu nochungechunge, balalele umculo futhi badlale imidlalo ye-elekthronikhi.

Yiziphi izisekelo zamakhompiyutha?

1. Iphrosesa (iphrosesa emaphakathi):
   Iphrosesa ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu kukhompuyutha, njengoba yenza imiyalo yohlelo futhi ilawula ukuhamba komsebenzi wekhompyutha.
   Baningi abakhiqizi bamaprosesa, njenge-Intel ne-AMD.
2. Inkumbulo Engahleliwe (RAM):
   I-RAM ingenye yezinto eziyisisekelo zamakhompyutha, njengoba isetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha yesikhashana ngenkathi isebenzisa izinhlelo.
   I-RAM ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwedivayisi futhi inomthelela ekwandiseni isivinini sayo sokuphendula.
3. I-Central Processing Unit (ingxenye eyinhloko yephrosesa):
   Iyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi yenza imiyalo futhi iphathe imisebenzi eyisisekelo kukhompuyutha.
   Ukusebenza nesivinini sokucubungula kungenye yezinto ezithinta isivinini sekhompyutha.
4. I-Hard Disk:
   I-hard disk iyiyunithi yokugcina eyisisekelo kukhompuyutha.
   Isetshenziselwa ukugcina uhlelo lokusebenza, izinhlelo, imibhalo kanye namafayela ahlukahlukene.
   Kungcono ukukhetha i-hard disk enamandla amakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amafayela anele agcinwe.
5. I-OS:
   Isistimu yokusebenza iqukethe isethi yezinhlelo ezilawula futhi zilawule ihadiwe nesofthiwe kukhompuyutha.
   Kunamasistimu wokusebenza amaningi atholakalayo, njengeWindows, Mac, neLinux.
6. bonisa:
   Isikrini sokubonisa siwumsebenzisi wokuqala onekhompuyutha, lapho idatha nokuqukethwe kuboniswa kuso.
   Kutuswa ukukhetha isibonisi sekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nosayizi ohambisana nezidingo zakho.
7. Ikhibhodi negundane:
   Ikhibhodi negundane izindlela eziyinhloko zokulawula ikhompuyutha.
   Ngazo, ungafaka idatha futhi uhlanganyele nezinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
8. Ikhadi Lezithombe:
   Ikhadi lezithombe lisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithombe futhi zibonakale zingcono esikrinini.
   Uma wenza imidlalo yekhompiyutha noma i-graphic design, ungase udinge ikhadi lemifanekiso elithuthukisiwe.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhompyutha?

1. Amakhompyutha wedeskithophu:
   Amakhompyutha asehhovisi yiwona ajwayeleke kakhulu futhi adumile.
   Isebenza kahle futhi inamandla amakhulu okugcina, futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe iyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi (CPU), iyunithi yokugcina (i-hard drive), iyunithi yokucubungula ihluzo (GPU), kanye nememori yokufinyelela okungahleliwe (RAM).
   Zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusebenza nasemakhaya.
2. Amakhompyutha aphathekayo:
   Amalaptops yiwona aguquguquka kakhulu futhi aphathekayo, njengoba angathwalwa futhi asetshenziswe noma kuphi.
   Amakhompyutha aphathekayo anezingxenye eziyisisekelo ezifanayo njengekhompuyutha yedeskithophu, kodwa aklanyelwe ukuthi abe lula futhi abe mancane.
   Ingasetshenziselwa kahle ukuhamba nokusebenza kwamanye amazwe.
3. Amathebulethi ahlakaniphile:
   Ama-Smartpad angamafoni aphathekayo alula futhi amancane kunawo wonke.
   Lawa madivayisi anesikrini esithintwayo esikhulu esifundekayo futhi esisebenzisanayo.
   Ngokuvamile ziza nesistimu yokusebenza yangokwezifiso efana ne-iOS noma i-Android.
   Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukufunda ama-e-books, ukubuka amafilimu, nokuphequlula i-inthanethi.
4. Amakhompyutha Amageyimu:
   Lolu hlobo lwekhompyutha luklanyelwe ngokukhethekile imidlalo enzima kakhulu.
   Ifaka izingxenye ezinamandla namakhadi ehluzo anamandla okuqalisa imidlalo yokucaca okuphezulu.
   Izingxenye zayo zihlanganisa izinhlelo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe zokuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile.
   Ikhethwa ikakhulukazi abadlali bamageyimu abangochwepheshe kanye nabathandi bokuzijabulisa abaku-inthanethi.
5. Amakhompiyutha e-Pocket:
   Izibali zephakethe zincane futhi zilula, futhi ziyindlela ephathekayo ephathekayo kumakhompyutha aphathekayo noma omakhalekhukhwini.
   Inesikrini esincane nekhibhodi encane.
   Ivame ukusetshenziselwa okokufaka kwezibalo nokubala.

Yiziphi izici zekhompuyutha?

1. Ukunemba emiphumeleni: Ikhompyutha iyithuluzi elinamandla elihlukaniswa nokunemba kwayo ekunikezeni imiphumela.
   Ikhompiyutha ihlelwe ukuthi yenze imisebenzi ethile yezibalo nokunengqondo ngokunembile nangokwethembeka.
   Ngenxa yalokhu kunemba, ikhwalithi nokuqagela kwemiphumela ebaliwe kuyathuthuka.
2. Ukusebenza okusheshayo: Ikhompyutha iyakwazi ukwenza ukuthengiselana nokusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu.
   Ingakwazi ukucubungula amanani amakhulu olwazi nedatha ngezikhathi ezilinganiselwe.
   Lokhu kuyenza isebenziseke ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukucutshungulwa kwedatha okusheshayo nangempumelelo.
3. Ukugcina okusebenzayo: Ikhompyutha inikeza ikhono lokugcina ulwazi nedatha ngendlela ephephile nehlelekile.
   Amafayela, imibhalo kanye nezinhlelo zingagcinwa kuma-hard disks noma eminye imidiya, okwenza kube lula ukubuyisa nokusebenzisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esidingekayo.
4. Ikhono lokubhekana nokuphindaphindeka: Ikhompyutha iyakwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi eminingi kanye nokusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa.
   Ikhompyutha ingakwazi ukwenza izinhlelo ezimbalwa futhi isebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuthikameze ukusebenza kukonke.
5. Ukusebenziseka kalula: Ikhompyutha inesixhumi esibonakalayo esilula nesilula, esiyenza itholakale kubo bonke abasebenzisi kungakhathaliseki izinga labo lolwazi lobuchwepheshe.
   Intuthuko yakamuva ekwakhiweni kokusebenzelana komsebenzisi yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa ikhompuyutha futhi ikwenze icace futhi kube lula ukuyizulazula.

Imaphi amayunithi okokufaka kukhompuyutha?

1. Ikhibhodi: Ikhibhodi ibhekwa njengenye yamayunithi wokufaka adume kakhulu futhi ayisisekelo kukhompuyutha.
   Asetshenziselwa ukufaka izinhlamvu, izinombolo nemiyalo ngokucindezela izinkinobho kuzo.
   Ikhibhodi inokhiye abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinhlamvu zamagama, izinombolo, okhiye bokusebenza, nokulawula.
2. Igundane: Igundane lisetshenziswa njengeyunithi yokufaka ukulawula ukunyakaza kwekhesa esikrinini.
   Igundane lihlanganisa izinkinobho ezimbili ezifana namadlebe egundane futhi asetshenziselwa ukukhetha nokukhomba izinto ezisesikrinini kanye nokwenza izenzo ezinjengokuchofoza, ukuhudula, nokuskrola.
3. I-Trackpad: Yiphedi ebucayi esetshenziswa kumalaptop namathebulethi.
   Isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukunyakaza kwekhesa esikrinini ngokuthinta iminwe.
4. I-Digital Pen: Ipeni ledijithali lisetshenziselwa ukufaka idatha ngokubhala noma ukudweba esibukweni.
   Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezifana nokuklama, ukudweba kanye namanothi enziwe ngezandla.
5. Iskena: Iskena sisetshenziswa ukuguqula imibhalo yephepha nezithombe zibe izithombe zedijithali.
   Iskena sifunda idatha esesithombeni bese siyiguqula ibe ifayela elihlelekayo kukhompuyutha yakho.
6. Imakrofoni: Imakrofoni isetshenziselwa ukurekhoda umsindo nokuwufaka kukhompuyutha.
   Iwusizo ezinhlelweni ezifana nokuqoshwa komsindo, izingxoxo ze-inthanethi, nezinhlelo zokuzwa izwi.

Yenziwa nini ikhompuyutha yokuqala ephathekayo?

1. 1975: Ukusungulwa kwekhompyutha yokuqala ephathekayo:
   Ngo-1975, ikhompyutha yokuqala ephathekayo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-laptop yasungulwa.
   I-Osborne Company, eyasungulwa ngu-Adam Osborne, yasungula le khompyutha ephathekayo manje eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Laptop.
2. 1981: Ukusungulwa kwe-laptop yokuqala:
   Ngo-1981, u-Osborne wethula i-laptop yokuqala emakethe.
   Lo mshini ubuwumgqakazo osezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe, njengoba wawuphatheka kalula, kulula ukuwuthwala, futhi ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yekhompyutha neyehhovisi.
3. 1979: Idizayini ye-Clamshell yelaptop yokuqala:
   Ngo-1979, umklami uBill Mogrid waklama ilaptop yokuqala yesitayela se-clamshell.
   Nokho, le divayisi yakhululwa ngo-1982.
   Le modeli bekuyitshe legumbi lomklamo wesimanje we-laptop.
4. 1941: Kwavela ikhompuyutha yokuqala yedijithali:
   Ngo-May 1941, usosayensi u-Konrad Zuse wasungula ikhompuyutha yokuqala esetshenziswayo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Z3.
   Lo mshini wawuyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha nama-calculator.
5. 1822: Ukusungulwa kwekhompyutha yokuqala eyimishini:
   Ngo-1822, uCharles Babbage wasungula ikhompuyutha yokuqala eyaziwa ngokuthi “injini yokwahlukana.”
   Lokhu kusungulwa kwakuyisiqalo sokuthuthukiswa komlando kwamakhompyutha.
6. 1944: Ukusungulwa kwekhompyutha yokuqala kagesi:
   Ngo-1944, unjiniyela u-Tommy Flowers wadala ikhompuyutha yokuqala kagesi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Colossus Computer.
   Lokhu kusungulwa kwaba ushintsho olubalulekile emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe.

Ithini incazelo yesistimu yokusebenza?

Isistimu yokusebenza iyisethi yezinhlelo eziyisisekelo ezilawula futhi zihlele ikhompuyutha.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza njengomxhumanisi phakathi komsebenzisi nezinto zokusebenza, okwenza kube lula kuye ukusebenzisa izinsiza nezinhlelo zokusebenza kahle.

XNUMX. Ukuphathwa Kwensiza: Isistimu yokusebenza iphatha izinsiza ezibonakalayo zekhompuyutha, njengephrosesa emaphakathi, inkumbulo, namayunithi okugcina, ukuze zisatshalaliswe ngokufanele ezinhlelweni zokusebenza nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene.

XNUMX. Ukusebenziseka kalula: Isistimu yokusebenza yenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwekhompuyutha ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi, njengoba ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi axhumane nekhompyutha futhi enze imisebenzi nemisebenzi kalula.

XNUMX. Ukuphathwa kohlelo: Isistimu yokusebenza ilawula ukusebenza kwezinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhlanganiswe nesistimu noma kufakwe umsebenzisi.
Lokhu kusiza ekuhleleni ukusebenza kwezinhlelo nokuzisebenzisa ngendlela ephumelelayo.

XNUMX. Ukuphepha nokuvikela: Uhlelo lokusebenza luqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo namafayela agcinwe kukhompuyutha avikelekile kumagciwane nezinye izinsongo.
Iphinde inikeze izindlela zokuphatha amalungelo okufinyelela abasebenzisi kanye nokuvikela idatha ebucayi.

XNUMX. Isebenzisa amadivaysi ahlukahlukene: Isistimu yokusebenza isebenzisa ihadiwe ehlukahlukene kukhompuyutha, okuhlanganisa amakhamera, amaphrinta, nemishini yokugcina yangaphandle, ehlinzeka ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kalula kwalawa madivayisi.

XNUMX. Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi: Uhlelo lokusebenza luyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi, njengoba luvumela imisebenzi evamile njengokwabelana ngamafayela, ukuphrinta, nokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi.

Isistimu yokusebenza ingumphefumulo ophilayo wekhompuyutha, olawula ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzisi nezinto zokusebenza ezingeni eliyisisekelo.
Ngaphandle kwesistimu yokusebenza, ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele amakhono edivayisi yakho.

Iyini inhloso yokwethula amakhompyutha kwezemfundo?

1. Ukwenza lula ucwaningo nokuzuza ukubambisana:
   Ukwethula amakhompyutha kwezemfundo kungenza inqubo yocwaningo ibe lula kubafundi, njengoba bekwazi ukufinyelela emithonjeni ehlukene yolwazi ngokushesha nakalula.
   Iphinde ibavumele ukuthi basebenzisane nozakwabo ekuqedeleni amaphrojekthi nomsebenzi wocwaningo ngendlela edidiyelwe nephumelelayo.
2. ukonga isikhathi:
   Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha kwezemfundo, sekungenzeka ukuthi abafundi nothisha bonge isikhathi.
   Umfundi angathatha izifundo zakhe futhi abukeze ngesikhathi sakhe, okumnika ithuba lokufunda ngesitayela esimfanelayo nangejubane lakhe.
   Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha kuvumela othisha ukuthi bagcine izinto zokufundisa futhi bazisebenzise nganoma isiphi isikhathi esikhundleni sokulungiselela izifundo zendabuko.
3. Ukuthuthukisa ukubamba iqhaza nokusebenzisana:
   Ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha buhlinzeka ngamathuba amasha okuba abafundi basebenzisane nezinto zokufunda nothisha.
   Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zemfundo ezisebenzisanayo, abafundi bangazuza kokuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo nokuthakazelisayo kwezemfundo, okunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo nemfundo.
4. Izintengo ezishibhile zamakhompyutha:
   Ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha bungobunye bobuchwepheshe obubiza kakhulu emakethe, kodwa ngokubuyisela, bunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu kumuntu ngokusetshenziswa kwabo.
   Emkhakheni wezemfundo, kungashiwo ukuthi inzuzo yokusebenzisa ikhompuyutha idlula izindleko zayo zezezimali, njengoba isiza ukuthuthukisa ukufunda nokuzuza impumelelo yabafundi.
5. Ukuqinisa indima yabazali kwezemfundo:
   Ngokusebenzisa amakhompuyutha emfundweni, indima yabazali enqubeni yemfundo iyathuthukiswa.
   Abazali bangaba yingxenye yenqubo yemfundo futhi baqaphe ukusebenza kwezingane zabo ngokuqondile.
   Baphinde babe nethuba lokubamba iqhaza ekuqondiseni nasekusekeleni ukufunda ngokusebenzisa amakhompyutha emakhaya.

Uyini umthelela wamakhompyutha emphakathini?

1. Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kalula: Ikhompyutha iyindlela enamandla yokwandisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi.
   Ingakwazi ukucubungula idatha ngesivinini esikhulu nokunemba, okunomthelela ekwandiseni ukukhiqiza kwebhizinisi nokonga isikhathi nomzamo.
2. Ukuzuza ukuxhumana nokuxhumana: Ikhompuyutha yenza kube lula ukuthi umphakathi uxhumane nomunye nge-inthanethi nezinkundla zokuxhumana.
   Ingakwazi ukuxhuma abantu abavela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ithuthukise ukuqonda nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamasiko ahlukene.
3. Ukuzuza imfundo yebanga: Ukufunda ibanga sekuphenduke enye yezinzuzo ezinhle zamakhompyutha.
   Ivumela abafundi ukuthi bafinyelele emithonjeni yolwazi kanye nezifundo ze-elekthronikhi noma kuphi nanoma nini.
   Ikakhulukazi, amasistimu emfundo aku-inthanethi akufakazele ukubaluleka kwawo ngesikhathi sodlame lomhlaba wonke.
4. Ukusekelwa kwezokuzijabulisa: Ikhompyutha inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zemidlalo nokunye ukuzijabulisa, njengomculo, amamuvi, namavidiyo.
   Inikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo namahora okuzijabulisa kubantu ngabanye ngesikhathi sabo samahhala.
5. Ukuxazulula izinkinga nezinselele: Ikhompyutha ivumela izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi nezibalo ezinkulu ukuthi zisingathwe ngesivinini nangokunemba okuphezulu.
   Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukubikezela izinhlekelele nokusebenzisa amasu okunciphisa imithelela engemihle.
6. Ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi: Umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nekhompyutha uwumthombo obalulekile wokudala amathuba emisebenzi.
   Izinkambu eziningi nezinkampani zidinga ochwepheshe bamakhompiyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe bawo.
7. Ukuba nesandla ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi: Amakhompiyutha aneqhaza ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi ngezindlela eziningi, kusukela ekwenzeni izinqubo zikahulumeni zibe lula kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yomphakathi, kuya ekuthuthukiseni izinga lempilo yomuntu ngamunye kuyo yonke imikhakha.

Ubani owasungula ikhompuyutha?

• UCharles Babbage, isazi sezibalo, isazi sefilosofi, umsunguli, nonjiniyela wemishini, wasungula umqondo wekhompyutha ehlelekayo.
• UCharles Benjamin Babbage wazalwa ngoDisemba 26, 1791 futhi wafa ngo-Okthoba 18, 1871.
• I-Babbage ibhekwa njengenye yezibalo ezivelele kakhulu emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bemishini kanye nezibalo ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
• Ngo-1822, uBabbage waklama futhi wakha umshini wokubala wokuqala osebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, awubiza ngokuthi Injini Yokuhlaziya.
• Injini yokuhlaziya yayiwumklamo wokuqala wekhompuyutha eyayingase ihlelwe futhi isetshenziselwe izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Nakuba i-Analytical Engine ingazange isetshenziswe ngokugcwele, ukudalwa kwayo kuthathwa njengesenzakalo esibalulekile somlando ekuthuthukisweni kwekhompyutha.
• Ososayensi nonjiniyela abaningi bathonywa yilokhu okusha, futhi kwaholela ekuveleni kwamakhompyutha anamuhla esiwaziyo namuhla.
• UCharles Babbage uthathwa njengomsunguli wekhompiyutha, futhi umnikelo wakhe omkhulu emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhompyutha awunakunakwa.
• Kumelwe kuphawulwe ukuthi kwakukhona ezinye iminikelo ekuthuthukisweni kwekhompiyutha, njengo-Alan Turing, owethula umqondo womshini okwazi ukubala noma yini, futhi lo mbono wathuthukiswa futhi kamuva wabonakala ekuveleni kwama-calculator ahlelekayo.
• Noma kunjalo, indima ka-Charles Babbage njengowokuqala ukusungula ikhompuyutha ezenzakalelayo ayinakuphikiswa.

Ithini igama lekhompyutha yokuqala emhlabeni?

1. Ikhompyutha ye-electromechanical eyasungulwa nguCharles Babbage:
   Ikhompuyutha yokuqala yomhlaba ka-electromechanical yasungulwa ngu-Charles Babbage futhi yaziwa ngokuthi i-Human Effort Simulator.
   Yakhiwa ngo-1941 futhi yasetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezibalo.
   Umthamo wayo wokugcina wawunomkhawulo futhi wawudinga ukulungiswa ngesandla kwezintambo nezinsimbi.
2. I-Atanasoff-Perry Apparatus (ABC):
   Ngo-1937, isizukulwane sokuqala samakhompiyutha edijithali saqanjwa ngokuthi i-Atanasoff-Perry (ABC), ngemuva kwabathuthukisi bayo.
   Lolu cingo lwasetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izibalo ezihlukene futhi lwanikeza isibali esisekelwe kumasignali kagesi.
3. I-ENIAC:
   I-ENIAC yethulwa ngoFebhuwari 14, 1946, futhi ithathwa njengekhompuyutha yokuqala yedijithali emhlabeni.
   Yakhiwe ngokubambisana phakathi kweNyuvesi yasePennsylvania kanye ne-CIA ukubala amashejuli okwethulwa kwemicibisholo eyi-ballistic.
   Yayinkulu ngosayizi, inobude obucishe bube ngu-204 cm nesisindo esingamathani angama-30.
4. Manchester Mark:
   Kufanelekile ukusho idivayisi ye-Manchester Mark, eyasungulwa ngo-1949.
   Ifaka irekhoda enamazinga amabili kanye nekhompyutha yokuqala emhlabeni enosayizi ogcwele.