Isingeniso somdlavuza Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza?

Isingeniso somdlavuza

Umdlavuza ungesinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu esikhathini samanje.
Ibonakala ngokukhula kwamangqamuzana angajwayelekile futhi angalawuleki emizimbeni yabantu.
Umdlavuza udala izinguquko ezinkulu ezicutshini nasezithweni ezithintayo, okuthinta kakhulu imisebenzi yazo ebalulekile.

Ngokwe-World Health Organization, izigidi zabantu ziyafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yomdlavuza, futhi uyimbangela yokufa ehamba phambili emhlabeni wonke.
Umdlavuza wakhiwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza angasakazeka ngegazi noma i-lymph noma ahlasele izicubu ezizungezile.

Naphezu kobunzima balesi sifo, kunenzuzo ekuvimbeleni nasekushesheni ukutholakala, okungathinta kakhulu amathuba okwelashwa nokusinda.
Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa kakhulu amazinga okusinda ezigulini.

Izimbangela zomdlavuza nezici eziyingozi ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwazo, futhi ezinye zazo zihlanganisa izici zofuzo, imikhuba emibi yokudla, ukubhema, ukuchayeka njalo emakhazeni, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, izici zomsebenzi, nezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona njengokukhuluphala nokukhula kwamahomoni.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezitho ezivela kuzo.
Ezinye izibonelo zomdlavuza zihlanganisa umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, umdlavuza kapopopo, nomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezingavamile ezifana nomdlavuza we-pancreatic, umdlavuza wamathambo, nomdlavuza wobuchopho.

Naphezu kokwanda kwezigameko zomdlavuza, ucwaningo lusaqhubeka emkhakheni wokwelapha nokunakekela lesi sifo.
Izinketho zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kanye ne-hormonal therapy.
Nokho, akukho ukwelashwa okuqinisekisa ukululama okuphelele kumdlavuza kuzo zonke izimo.

Ngokuvamile, abantu kufanele baphile ngendlela enempilo futhi balandele imihlahlandlela yoMnyango Wezempilo mayelana nokudla, ukuvivinya umzimba kanye nokuvimbela ukungcola ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yomdlavuza.
Kubuye kunconywe ukwenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kanye nokuvakasha kwezokwelapha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izimpawu ezisolisayo kusenesikhathi.

Abantu kufanele futhi baqaphele izimpawu zomdlavuza ezivamile futhi baye kudokotela uma behlangabezana nazo, njengokuncipha kwesisindo kungazelelwe, ubuhlungu obungachazeki, ukubonakala kwesisindo esingavamile, ubunzima bokuchama, ukopha noma ukushintsha kwesikhumba.

Kubalulekile ukwaziswa ngomdlavuza futhi sikuqonde kangcono, ukuze sithathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ukuze sivikele impilo yethu kanye nempilo yabathandekayo bethu.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula ukuthi ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha, futhi ukuqwashisa nokuhlolwa njalo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekulweni nomdlavuza.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza?

Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza zingase zihlanganise ukukhathala, iqhubu noma indawo ejiyile engazwakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ukushintsha kwesisindo njengokuzuza noma ukuncipha okungahlosiwe, izinguquko esikhumbeni esifana nokuba phuzi, ukuba mnyama noma ububomvu, izilonda ezingapholi, noma izinguquko kuma-moles akhona Ushintsho ekuzithumeni nasekuchameni.
Kungase futhi kubandakanye nezinye izimpawu ezinjengokukhwehlela okungapheli noma ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazeki, namanxeba angapholi.
Uma kukhona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ukuze ahlole isimo futhi wenze izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuze uthole umdlavuza.
Ukutholwa komdlavuza kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba okwelashwa nokululama.
Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukuqeda isimila, futhi kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, noma i-radiotherapy.

Wakha kanjani umdlavuza emzimbeni?

1. Ukucekelwa phansi nokuphazamiseka kwezingxenye zesakhiwo samaseli:
   Ushintsho oluthile lwenzeka ezakhini zofuzo zamangqamuzana, okuholela ekuguquguqukeni kwezingxenye ezithile zeseli, njenge-DNA, amaprotheni, nama-enzyme.
   Lokhu kuphuka noshintsho ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo kuholela ekulahlekelweni kokulawula izinqubo ezivamile zokukhula kweseli.
2. Ukwanda kokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli:
   Ngenxa yezinguquko ezakhini zofuzo zamangqamuzana, amangqamuzana aqala ukuhlukana ngokungavamile futhi ngokweqile, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinombolo eziningi zamangqamuzana e-pathological ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba.
3. Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamathumba:
   Amaseli amasha e-pathological akha izimila ezinomdlavuza ezicutshini ezithintekile.
   Lawa mathumba adla izinsiza zomzimba kanye nesikhala sezicubu ezizungezile, okubangela ukuthi imisebenzi yezitho eziseduze yonakale.
4. Ukusakazeka kwamaseli e-pathological kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba:
   Amangqamuzana omdlavuza acekeleke phansi ahamba egazini noma i-lymph futhi ahlale ezingxenyeni ezintsha zomzimba, lapho enza khona izimila zesibili.
   Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi i-metastasis yomdlavuza futhi iyimbangela enkulu yokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokufa kwesiguli.

Ukuqonda ukuthi umdlavuza ukwakheka kanjani emzimbeni kungakhombisa ukubaluleka kwezimiso eziyisisekelo zokuvikela izifo, njenge:

• Landela indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo.
• Gwema ukubhema nokuchaya umzimba kumakhemikhali anobuthi.
• Ukwenza izivivinyo zokutholwa kusenesikhathi ezinconyiwe zokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusebenzayo.
• Landela izincomo zochwepheshe emkhakheni wokuvimbela umdlavuza.

Kungani umdlavuza ungelapheki?

1. Ubunzima besifo:
   • Umdlavuza ubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana anempilo abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza angajwayelekile, futhi lokhu kuguqulwa kungase kube nezimbangela eziningi kanye nezici ezinomthelela.
   • Kunezigaba eziningi nezinhlobo zomdlavuza, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunezici ezihlukile ezithinta ukwelashwa kwawo.
   • Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nokuguqulwa kofuzo kumangqamuzana omdlavuza okubangela ubunzima ekuwelapheni.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana:
   • Amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase abonakale amelana nokwelashwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngenxa yezinguquko zofuzo noma ukukhula kwawo ukuze agweme imiphumela yezidakamizwa noma imisebe.
   • Lokhu kumelana kwenza kube nzima ukusiqeda ngokuphelele isimila noma ukuqeda ngokuphelele umdlavuza.
3. Amaseli omdlavuza afihliwe:
   • Ezinye izimila ezinomdlavuza zingase zibe namaseli omdlavuza afihlwe kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
   • Ngisho nangemva kokuba isimila esiyinhloko sesisusiwe, la mangqamuzana afihlekile angase akhule futhi abangele ukukhula komdlavuza kwezinye izindawo.
4. Amathuba okubuya kwalesi sifo:
   • Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo komdlavuza, lesi sifo singabuya ngemva kwesikhathi esithile.
   • Umdlavuza ungase ube namaseli amancane, angabonakali abizwa ngokuthi “amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele” angase akhule futhi ande kamuva.
5. Izinselelo zocwaningo lwesayensi:
   • Ukulungisa umdlavuza kudinga ucwaningo olunzulu lwesayensi nokuhlola ukuqonda uhlobo lwesifo nokuthola izindlela ezintsha zokuselapha.
   • Ucwaningo lwesayensi luyaqhubeka, futhi naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili eseyizuziwe, zisekhona izinselele eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezesayensi.

Kuyini ukuvimbela umdlavuza?

Umdlavuza ungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zezempilo ezibhekene nezwe namuhla.
Nakuba ingekho indlela eqinisekile yokuvimbela lesi sifo ngokuphelele, zikhona izinyathelo ezingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokusithola.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela ezingathathwa ukuze kugcinwe impilo enhle nokunciphisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.

Ukuvimbela kokuqala: ukudla okunempilo
Ukulandela ukudla okunempilo nokulinganisela kuyisisekelo esibalulekile ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza.
Izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele kanye nemifino kufanele kufakwe ekudleni kwansuku zonke.
Lokhu kudla kucebile nge-fiber, amavithamini namaminerali futhi kuqukethe ama-antioxidants asiza ukuvikela umzimba emonakalweni obangelwa ama-radicals mahhala.
Kufanele ugweme ukudla ukudla okugayiwe futhi okugayiwe kakhulu okunamafutha agcwele nosawoti.

Ukuvimbela okwesibili: ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kusenesikhathi
Ukuvimbela okwesibili kuqondiswe kubantu okungenzeka ukuthi sebenohlobo lomdlavuza kodwa abangakabi nazo izimpawu.
Abantu abaneminyaka ethile yobudala, labo abanomlando womdlavuza emndenini, nalabo abasengozini enjengokubhema kanye nokuchayeka emisebeni kufanele bahlolelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza njalo.
Ukuxilonga lesi sifo ekuqaleni kwaso kwandisa amathuba okululama ngokuphelele futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukuvimbela okuphakeme: ukuphila okunempilo nokugwema izici ezingezinhle
Ukwengeza ekuhlolweni okuvamile, umdlavuza ungavinjelwa ngokushintsha ukukhetha kwesimiso sansuku zonke nesokudla futhi kucatshangelwe izinyathelo ezithile zokuzivikela.
Ngokwesibonelo, kufanele uyeke ngokuphelele ukubhema, njengoba ukubhema kubhekwa njengenye yezingozi eziyinhloko zomdlavuza.
Ucwaningo luphinde lwafakazela ukuthi ukuphuza utshwala obuningi kwandisa ingozi yezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukuba ugweme ukuphuza utshwala noma unciphise ngezinga elifanele.

Yibuphi ubuhlungu obuzwiwa isiguli somdlavuza?

Lapho iziguli zinomdlavuza, zingase zibe nezimpawu eziningi, kuhlanganise nobuhlungu.
Ubuhlungu buwuphawu oluvamile lomdlavuza futhi bungahluka ngobukhulu futhi bunqunywa indawo kanye nesigaba sesifo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda kusenesikhathi ubuhlungu besiguli kubalulekile ukunikeza induduzo nokunakekelwa okufanele.

1. Ubuhlungu obubangelwa amathumba akhulisiwe:
   Iziguli zingase zizwe izinhlungu eziningi ngenxa yokucindezela kwezimila ezingxenyeni eziseduze zomzimba.
   Lolu hlobo lobuhlungu lungaba njalo noma lube nezikhawu futhi lungakhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
   Izibonelo zalokhu zihlanganisa ubuhlungu bamathambo noma ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukusabalala komdlavuza ezithweni ezibalulekile njengesibindi noma iphaphu.
2. Ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukwelashwa:
   I-Chemotherapy noma imisebe ingase ibangele ubuhlungu njengomphumela ohlangothini.
   Isibonelo, iziguli zingase zibe nokuzwela kwesikhumba nokucasuka okungase kubangele ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma ukulunywa.
   Ukwelashwa kungabangela nobuhlungu ezinzwa nasezithweni ezibucayi.
3. Ubuhlungu bengqondo:
   Iziguli zingase zithole ubuhlungu obungokwengqondo nobungokomzwelo ngenxa yomthelela womdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa kwawo ezingeni lempilo yazo.
   Ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, nokucindezeleka kwengqondo kungase kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi obuqhubekayo.
   Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kungabangela ubuhlungu bangempela ukuba bunganakwa noma bube bubi nakakhulu.
4. Ubuhlungu ezigabeni ezithuthukile zesifo:
   Ezigabeni zokugcina zomdlavuza, iziguli zingase zizwe ukwanda kobuhlungu nokukhathala.
   Bangase babe nobunzima bokuhamba futhi badinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi embhedeni.
   Izimpawu zobuthakathaka nokukhathala ziba sobala kakhulu kulesi sigaba.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesimila nomdlavuza?

1. Incazelo yesimila:
   Igama elithi “isimila” libhekisela kunoma ikuphi ukwakheka okungavamile esicukwini noma esithweni esibonakala njengesisindo noma ukuvuvukala.
   Izimila zingase zibe nomdlavuza noma zibe nomdlavuza (eziyingozi).
2. Ukwakheka noshintsho:
   Amathumba nomdlavuza kuyafana emlandweni wokwakheka.
   Zombili zakhiwe ngenxa yokukhula kwamangqamuzana okungavamile.
   Kodwa-ke, imidlavuza iyehluka kumathumba ngoba ikhula futhi ikhule ngokushesha futhi ingalawuleki, okwenza amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
3. Ubuhle ngokumelene nobubi:
   Nakuba izimila eziyingozi ngokuvamile zingenawo umdlavuza futhi zingeyona ingozi, izimila ezinomdlavuza zinezakhiwo eziyingozi futhi zinamandla okubangela ukonakala kwezicubu ezizungezile futhi zisakazekele ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba.
   Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugula kungadala ukukhathazeka kwangempela kwempilo nokuphila.
4. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa:
   Ukunquma ukuthi isimila sinomdlavuza noma asilungile yini kungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana ne-imaging yezokwelapha, i-CT scan, ne-endoscopy.
   Ukwelashwa kwamathumba ayingozi ngokuvamile kulula futhi kuhloswe ukususa isimila, kuyilapho ukwelashwa kwezimila ezinomdlavuza kungase kudinge ukususwa kwaso sonke isimila kanye nokwelashwa okwengeziwe okufana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe.
5. Amathuba okubuyisela:
   Amathuba okuthi izimila eziyingozi zibuye ngemva kokwelashwa ngokuvamile mancane, kuyilapho izimila ezinomdlavuza zingase zibuye ngamandla futhi zisongele ukuphila kwesiguli.
   Umdlavuza udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuphinda futhi uqhubeke nokwelashwa ukuze uvikele isiguli.

Iluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza oluyingozi kakhulu ukuze?

1. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu:
   Umdlavuza wamaphaphu nowe-bronchi kubhekwa njengezinhlobo eziyingozi nezivamile zomdlavuza oyingozi.
   Bangaphezu kwesigidi namakhulu amathathu ezinkulungwane zezifo ezitholakala njalo ngonyaka.
   Idala ukufa okulinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-80 ngonyaka emhlabeni wonke.
2. umdlavuza webele:
   Umdlavuza webele ukukhula kwamangqamuzana okungavamile esicutshini sebele.
   Kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu kwabesifazane emhlabeni jikelele.
   Kulinganiselwa ukuthi babalelwa ezigidini ezingu-2.1 iziguli ezintsha ezitholakalayo minyaka yonke, futhi zithatha impilo yabesifazane ababalelwa ku-630 unyaka ngamunye.
3. I-Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma:
   Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wesibindi lwenzeka emiseleni yenyongo ngaphakathi kwesibindi.
   Umdlavuza wesibindi ungolunye lwezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, futhi nakuba ungavamile e-United States, uyanda.
   Izinga lempumelelo yokwelashwa licishe libe ngu-10-20%.
4. Umdlavuza wamathumbu:
   Umdlavuza wamathumbu ubhekisela ekukhuleni okungavamile kwamangqamuzana olwelwesi lwamathumbu.
   Umdlavuza wamathumbu ungabandakanya kokubili ikholoni kanye ne-rectum.
   Ingolunye lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza futhi idala izigameko ezintsha ezibalelwa ezigidini eziyi-1.8 unyaka ngamunye kanye nokufa okungaba ngu-880,000.
5. I-Retinoblastoma:
   I-Retinoblastoma wuhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza wamehlo okwenzeka kumaseli e-retina.
   Kungathinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala, futhi kubangele cishe u-3% wazo zonke izigameko zomdlavuza wamehlo.
   Izinga lokuphumelela lokwelashwa lincike esigabeni sesifo kanye nobukhulu be-tumor.

Ingabe umdlavuza uyesabeka?

Umdlavuza uyinkinga enkulu kubantu abaningi.
Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nokwesaba nokwesaba ukufa nokuhlupheka.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umdlavuza awusona ngempela isifo esesabekayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kwesimanje kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, okuye kwandise amathuba okululama nokusinda kweziguli eziningi ezinomdlavuza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ube nethuba lokuphila impilo evamile nomdlavuza, njengoba abantu bephila isikhathi eside kunangaphambili ngemva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza?

1. umdlavuza webele:
   Umdlavuza webele ungolunye lwezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu kwabesifazane.
   Lolu hlobo luqukethe amaseli angavamile aphindaphindeka esicutshini sebele.
   Ngokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, amathuba okululama kulesi simo angakhula.
2. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu:
   Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungolunye lwezinhlobo zomdlavuza eziyingozi nezivamile.
   Lolu hlobo luqukethe amangqamuzana angavamile akhula ezicutshini zoqhoqhoqho namaphaphu.
   Ukubhema kuvame ukuba nomthelela omkhulu ekwenzeni lo mdlavuza.
3. Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye:
   Abesilisa baba nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye, okuwumdlavuza okhula endlaleni yokuzala yabesilisa ebizwa ngokuthi i-prostate.
   Nakuba ingase iphuze ukukhula ezimweni eziningi, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yingozi.
4. Umdlavuza we-colorectal:
   Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza we-colorectal ayanda ngokuya ngeminyaka.
   Lo mdlavuza wakheka emathunjini amakhulu noma ethunjini, lapho amangqamuzana angavamile akheka khona.
   Ukuhlolwa kwekholoni njalo kungasiza ekutholeni lo mdlavuza kusenesikhathi.
5. umdlavuza wesikhumba:
   Lo mdlavuza kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana esikhumba ekhula ngendlela engavamile.
   Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zokuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka ngokweqile elangeni kanye nomlando womndeni wawo.
6. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho:
   Abesifazane baba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, okuwumdlavuza okhula emlonyeni wesibeletho.
   Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njalo umlomo wesibeletho ukuze utholakale kusenesikhathi lo mdlavuza.
7. Umdlavuza we-Pancreas:
   Umdlavuza we-pancreatic uthathwa njengomdlavuza onolaka okunzima ukuwuthola ezigabeni zokuqala.
   Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lwakha kumaseli amanyikwe, atholakala engxenyeni yohlelo lokugaya ukudla.

Watholwa nini umdlavuza?

1. ezikhathini zasendulo:
   • Abavubukuli baseBrithani bathola uhlaka lwamathambo ensizwa eyayiphila eminyakeni engu-3 XNUMX edlule ezikhathini zaseGibhithe lasendulo, futhi bathola ukuthi inomdlavuza.
   • Lokhu kutholakala kukholakala ukuthi kunikeze ubufakazi bokuqala balesi sifo emiphakathini yasendulo.
2. NgeNkathi Ephakathi:
   • Ayengekho amarekhodi anembile okutholwa komdlavuza ngeNkathi Ephakathi.
   • Ukwelashwa ngemithi yesintu nezinkolelo-ze sekuthathelwe indawo ukwelashwa okulinganiselwe.
3. Esikhathini samanje:
   • Ngo-1761, udokotela ohlinzayo uProfesa Bernhard C. Heinerman waseJalimane wenza irekhodi lokuqala elinembile neliningilizayo lesilonda somdlavuza.
   • Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, ososayensi bathuthukise ukuxilongwa kwangaphambilini kanye nokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
4. Esikhathini sokuqala samanje:
   • Ngo-1913, udokotela uFrederick Grann e-United States wathola ukuhlobana phakathi kokusabalala komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane lomuntu oncolytic.
   • Lokhu kutholakala kwavula indlela yokwakhiwa kwemithi yokugoma ukuvimbela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
5. Esikhathini samanje:
   • Ngo-1971, uMongameli waseMelika uRichard Nixon wamemezela impi yakhe yokulwa nomdlavuza.
   • Kusukela ngalolo suku, imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko iye yaqhubeka emkhakheni wokwelashwa nokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi.
6. Esikhathini sokuqala samanje:
   • Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile obufana ne-radiology, izikena, kanye ne-radiography yenze intuthuko enkulu ekuxilongeni nasekuqapheni ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
7. Esikhathini samanje:
   • Izinzwa ze-modular zesikhathi esizayo zokwelashwa komdlavuza ziba iphethini eqhubekayo.
   • Njengamanje, izifundo nocwaningo kuyaqhubeka emkhakheni wokwelapha umdlavuza, ukuqapha izimpawu zawo, kanye nokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi.

Umdlavuza usakazeka kanjani emzimbeni womuntu?

XNUMX.
نمو الورم الأصلي: ينمو الورم السرطاني في نقطة معينة بالجسم ويبدأ بمهاجمة الأنسجة المحيطة به.

XNUMX.
انفصال الخلايا السرطانية: تنفصل الخلايا السرطانية عن الورم الأصلي وتنتقل إلى أماكن أخرى في الجسم.

XNUMX.
الانتشار عبر الدورة الدموية والليمفاوية: تسافر الخلايا السرطانية المنفصلة عبر الدورة الدموية أو الجهاز الليمفاوي إلى مناطق أخرى من الجسم.
Lolu hlobo lokusabalala luvamile phakathi kwezimila ezinomdlavuza.

XNUMX.
احتجازها في أجزاء أخرى من الجسم: بعد وصولها إلى مناطق جديدة، قد تحتجز الخلايا السرطانية هناك وتبدأ في النمو والتكاثر.

XNUMX.
تكوين أورام ثانوية: قد تنمو الخلايا السرطانية في المناطق الجديدة لتشكل أورامًا ثانوية.
Lezi zimila zingaba yingozi futhi zisakazekele kwezinye izindawo emzimbeni.

Izimpawu zokusabalala komdlavuza:

• Izinguquko ekubunjweni noma kusayizi wezitho noma izicubu.
• Ukubonakala kwenqwaba engavamile noma ukuvuvukala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba.
• Izinguquko ekubukeni kwangaphandle kwesikhumba.
• Izinkinga ngemisebenzi yezitho ezithintekile.
• Izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, noma ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazwanga.

Yikuphi ukuhlaziya okuthola umdlavuza?

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuxilongeni lesi sifo esibulalayo.
Lokhu kuhlola kuncike ekuhlolweni kwegazi nasekutholeni izimpawu zakuqala zamathumba.
Nazi izivivinyo eziyisithupha ezijwayelekile ezingasetshenziswa ukuthola umdlavuza:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwesibalo segazi esiphelele (CBC):
   Ukuhlolwa kwesibalo segazi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola izinguquko ezinombolweni zamangqamuzana egazi ahlukene.
   Ushintsho kulezi zinombolo lungase lubonise ukuba khona kwezimila ezifana ne-leukemia.
2. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele:
   Ukuhlolelwa umdlavuza webele kunconywa kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
   Lokhu kuhlola kusekelwe ku-mammogram, okuwukuhlolwa okubheka izinguquko zamakhemikhali ezakhini zofuzo ezingabonisa ukuthi zikhona izimila ezinomdlavuza.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiographic:
   I-Diagnostic imaging iyisidingo sokuphila lapho kusolwa umdlavuza.
   Isebenzisa ama-X-ray ukuthola izimila ezingavamile emzimbeni.
   I-CT ne-MRI ingenziwa futhi ukuze kutholwe umdlavuza wobuchopho, amathambo, nomgogodla.
4. Ukuhlola umaka wesimila:
   Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuba khona kwamakhemikhali ahambisana nezimila egazini.
   Lezi zinto ziyakwazi ukubona izinguquko ezakhini zofuzo ezibanga umdlavuza futhi zisize ukuxilonga lesi sifo.
5. I-biopsy yezicubu:
   Kwesinye isikhathi, odokotela bangadinga ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu ukuze baqinisekise ubukhona besimila.
   Lokhu kwenziwa ngokwenza i-biopsy ngenaliti ecolekile nokuthumela isampula ukuze liyohlaziywa elabhorethri.
6. Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri:
   Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuhlola okubalwe ngenhla, ezinye izivivinyo zaselabhorethri zingasetshenziswa ukusiza odokotela bathole umdlavuza.
   Lokhu kuhlola kungase kube ukuhlaziya i-plasma, umchamo, noma indle, futhi lokhu kuhlola kungase kubonise izinguquko kuma-enzyme noma amahomoni ahlobene nezimila.

Umdlavuza usakazeka isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude besikhathi sokusabalala komdlavuza emzimbeni kuyisici esibalulekile ekuhloleni nasekuxilongeni isifo kanye nokunquma izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele.
Lesi sikhathi siyahlukahluka ngokuya ngephrofayili yomdlavuza nezinye izici.
Ngezansi sibuyekeza olunye ulwazi mayelana nalokhu:

1. Ukuthola umdlavuza ezigabeni zokuqala: Uma umdlavuza utholwa usaqala ngaphambi kokuba udlulele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, amathuba okwelashwa nokululama ngokuvamile aba yimpumelelo kakhulu.
2. Umdlavuza osakazeka kancane: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zithatha isikhathi eside ukusakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingaba ngu-75 noma ngaphezulu.
   Uma kwenzeka ukululama, amathuba okuphumelela aphezulu.
3. Imidlavuza ekhula ngokushesha: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zikhula ngokushesha futhi zingase ziphindeke kabili esikhathini esifushane, okuwenza kube inselele kakhulu ukuwelapha nokulawula.
4. Isigaba somdlavuza: Izinga lomdlavuza nokukhula kwawo emzimbeni womuntu kunquma isigaba sesifo.
   توجد مراحل مختلفة من التطور، يتم تحديدها بواسطة أرقام، مثل المرحلة 1 إلى 4.
   كلما زادت المرحلة، زادت فرص انتشار السرطان في جسم الإنسان.
5. Ezinye izici: Ziningi nezinye izici ezingase zithinte isikhathi sokusakazeka komdlavuza, njengohlobo lomdlavuza nokusebenzisana kwawo nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nesimo sesiguli nesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba.