Izinyathelo zokubhala ucwaningo lwesayensi
Khetha isihloko
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kocwaningo lwesayensi, ukukhetha isihloko kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kufanele kuhlangabezane nezinqubo ezimbalwa zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokubaluleka kocwaningo. Kusukela kulezi zindlela zokuhlola, kuqala kuvela ithuba lokwenza ucwaningo ngesihloko esikhethiwe, futhi ngokufanelekile, umcwaningi uxazulula isihloko esizoba nendima evelele ekuzuzeni kwesayensi nezenhlalakahle.
Bese umcwaningi enze isihloko socwaningo esifushane nesicacile, egwema ukungaqondakali nokutolika okuningi. Kubalulekile ukuthi isihloko sikuveze kahle okuqukethwe ucwaningo futhi senze kube lula kulabo abathanda ukuqonda isihloko esikhulu socwaningo.
Kukhona futhi izisekelo ezihlobene nemvelo yesihloko ngokwaso, mayelana nokuthi ngabe yisihloko esisha esivezwa yizifundo, noma ngabe siye sacwaningwa kabanzi yini esikhathini esidlule. Umcwaningi kufanele futhi abhekane nohlobo lwezixazululo ezinganikezwa ucwaningo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisetshenziswa ezisebenza emikhakheni ethize noma ziyizinkinga zobuntu ezihlobene neqiniso labantu kanye nezinkinga zabo zansuku zonke.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithombo nezinkomba ezidingekayo ziyatholakala ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo, nokuthi umcwaningi uyakwazi ukuqoqa idatha nolwazi ngendlela efanele, kuyilapho eqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwakho ukuze ucwaningo lunembe futhi luthembekile.
Thola izinkinga
Emkhakheni wocwaningo lwesayensi, ukuchaza inkinga kuthathwa njengesinyathelo sokuqala nesibalulekile, njengoba umcwaningi eqala ngokutadisha isihloko nokukhetha iphuzu ahlose ukuliphenya.
Ekuxilongeni inkinga yesayensi, umcwaningi uncika olwazini lwakhe aluthola ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwasensimini, ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi, nokubuyekezwa kocwaningo lwangaphambilini. Ihlanganisa le nkinga ngendlela yophenyo oluthile nolusobala oluvula indlela yenqubo yocwaningo lwesayensi kamuva.
Ukuqoqa impahla yesayensi
Umcwaningi usebenzisa imithombo eminingi ukuqoqa ulwazi olwanele lwesayensi. Le mithombo ihlanganisa izinto zethiyori njengezincwadi nama-athikili abhaliwe agcwele ulwazi olubalulekile.
Uzimisele futhi ukuqoqa idatha yasensimini ngokusebenzisa uhlu lwemibuzo, izingxoxo zomuntu siqu, noma ukwenza izivivinyo emaqenjini athile ukuze athole izixazululo zokuhlola, ngaphezu kokubheka okuqondile ezinkingeni zokutadisha eduze.
Ngenxa yobuningi bezindlela nemithombo, umcwaningi angase azithole eseqoqa ulwazi ngendlela engahlelekile, engalahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kocwaningo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlelo oluqinile ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqoqa ulwazi, oluhlanganisa:
Nquma idatha edingekayo, thola imithombo eyinhloko yale datha, khetha indlela engcono kakhulu yokuyiqoqa, kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa le ndlela ngokuphumelelayo.
Ngemva kokuqoqa idatha, umcwaningi ugxila ekuhleleni nasekuhlaziyeni le datha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokusebenzisa amathebula, amagrafu, noma ukuhlaziya izibalo ezifana nencazelo ye-arithmetic. Le ndlela isiza ekuqaphelweni okungcono nasekuqondeni idatha, okwenza kube neziphetho ezinembile neziwusizo.
Nquma imiphumela
Uma umcwaningi ephothula ukucwaninga kwakhe okujulile ngesihloko, ufinyelela esigabeni sokufinyelela esiphethweni, lapho ethola khona izimpendulo zemibuzo ayibuze ngaphambilini.
Kulesi sigaba, le miphumela kufanele yethulwe ngendlela enemininingwane necacile, echazwe ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zesayensi azilandelayo phakathi nocwaningo lwakhe.
Imiphumela kufanele ihlelwe ngokulandelana okunengqondo futhi kufanele kwethulwe ubufakazi obufakazela ubuqiniso bayo.
Hlela usesho
Umcwaningi kufanele aqikelele ukuthi ukhetha amagama ngokucophelela, agweme ukwengeza ngokungadingekile embhalweni, kuyilapho egcizelela ukunemba kwezincazelo futhi agweme ukuphindaphinda.
Kumele futhi aqinisekise ukuthi amamaki ohlelo nezimpawu zokubhala zibekwe ngendlela efanele ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ulandela imithetho yolimi nesipelingi, futhi usebenzisa inkathi ngendlela efanele.
Kuyadingeka ukunikeza izincazelo ezibanzi zesilulumagama namagama angajwayelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqonda komfundi, kanye nokubalula yonke idatha nolwazi olunikezwe emithonjeni yabo yoqobo kusetshenziswa amasu amadokhumenti agunyaziwe.
Ukubhala ucwaningo
Lapho ukuqoqa ulwazi ngaphakathi kwenqubo yocwaningo sekuqediwe, umcwaningi uzithola ebhekene nenani elikhulu ledatha eqoshwe emakhadini akhethekile. Okulandelayo kuza indima yokuhlela lolu lwazi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esihleliwe esihlanganisa izigaba ezimbalwa eziyinhloko, okuhlanganisa isingeniso nesiphetho.
Ifomethi yokusesha
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuphrinta ucwaningo lwesayensi, idokhumenti ilungiswa ngendlela ehlelekile ehlanganisa izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
- Okokuqala, inkomba yokuqukethwe iyalungiswa esebenza njengethuluzi elisizayo lokusiza ukuzulazula phakathi kwezingxenye zosesho nokuthola ulwazi kalula.
- Okwesibili, ukubhala izinombolo kunendima ebalulekile ekuhleleni iphepha, njengoba ukulandelana kwekhasi kuqala ngokushesha ngemva kwekhasi elingaphandle kanye nokuqukethwe, okwenza kube lula ngomfundi ukuba alandele amakhasi.
- Okwesithathu, imithombo kanye nezinkomba kufika ekugcineni kombhalo, futhi kufaka phakathi yonke imibhalo kanye nezinkomba umcwaningi azisebenzisile ukuqoqa idatha yakhe nolwazi, futhi kuthathwa njengesisekelo esiyisisekelo sokweseka imibono namaqiniso okukhulunywe ngawo ocwaningweni.
Lolu hlelo olunembayo luqinisekisa ukuthi ucwaningo lwethulwa ngendlela ehlelekile neqondakalayo eyenza kube lula kumfundi ukulandela imibono nemiphumela ethulwayo.
