Isihloko esimayelana nesikhala
Imingcele yendawo engaphandle ingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-100 ngaphezu komhlaba, lapho kungekho moya odingekayo ukuze izinto eziphilayo ziphefumule.
Kulesi sikhala, akukho ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya njengasemkhathini woMhlaba; Ngakho umbala omnyama ubusa indawo yesehlakalo esikhundleni soluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiwubona esibhakabhakeni ngenxa yokuba khona komoya-mpilo.
Yini isikhala?
Umkhathi yindawo engaphandle komkhathi woMhlaba, futhi inweba ngaphandle kwemingcele phakathi kwamaplanethi, izinkanyezi, nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini.
Ngokombono wenyama, indawo ithathwa njenge-dimensional-dimensional evumela ukuthi izinto zibe khona kuyo, ngayinye ethatha indawo kanye nesiqondiso esihlukile kwenye.
Igama elithi umkhathi ongaphandle libhekisela ngokukhethekile kulesi sikhala esikhulu, esinezinhlangothi eziningi esihlukene nomkhathi ozungeze uMhlaba.
Ithini indawo yesikhala sangaphandle?
Ukulinganisa indawo yendawo yonke kuyinselelo enkulu kososayensi; Kunzima kumadivayisi afanelekile ukukala ngokunembile amabanga amakhulu.
Iyunithi elithi “light year” lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza amabanga emkhathini, futhi lilingana nebanga elihanjwa ukukhanya onyakeni ogcwele, noma cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.3.
Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje bezibonakude kanye nezifundo ezithuthukile, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zaphumelela ukulandelela umlando wemithala nokubheka imininingwane yayo emihle kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kwendawo yonke, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13.7 edlule, okuyisikhathi esandulela ukuqhuma okukhulu.
Ubufakazi besayensi bubonisa ukuthi umkhathi unwebeka ngendlela izingqondo zabantu ezingenakuyiqonda ngokugcwele, okwenza indawo ibe banzi kakhulu kunanoma yimuphi umbono.
Yiziphi izingxenye zesikhala sangaphandle?
Umkhathi ugcwele izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa amagesi kanye nezinhlayiya zothuli ezinhle kakhulu, kanye nezinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene nezinhlobo eziningi zemisebe, kuhlanganise nezizibuthe nezikagesi.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi isikhala asinalutho ngokuphelele, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso, njengoba izingxenye ezishiwo zifaka njalo.
Lezi zingxenye zithintwa izinqubo ezifana nemimoya yezinkanyezi futhi zihlale ziyizinsalela zezinkanyezi ezifile.
Izifunda ezizungeze izinkanyezi, ezingase zibonakale zingenalutho lapho uqala nje, ziyabanda futhi ziminyene kancane ngezinhlayiya.
Ukuminyana kwamangqamuzana kuyehluka kulezi zifunda; Kwamanye ungathola i-molecule eyodwa nge-cubic centimeter ngayinye, kanti kwamanye ungase uthole inqwaba yama-molecule.
Emagesi ahlakazekile emkhathini, ama-molecule e-hydrogen ne-helium yiwona avame kakhulu, athatha cishe u-98% wawo wonke ama-molecule asemkhathini.
Nokho, ezinye izakhi nazo zikhona kodwa ngamanani amancane uma kuqhathaniswa njengomoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, i-calcium, i-carbon, nenqwaba yamanye amaminerali.
Yini emkhathini?
Lapho sicabanga ngendawo ye-cosmic, iningi lethu libona ugwadule olukhulu, oluyincithakalo. Nokho, ngale kwalesi sithombe, indawo igcwele ukuhlukahluka okuphawulekayo, okuhlanganisa izindikimba zasezulwini kanye nezimo ezihlukahlukene zasemkhathini.
Impela, izinkanyezi ezikhanyayo namaplanethi ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga adume kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye yendaba enkulu.
Emkhathini, uthola ama-asteroids ezulazula emasimini anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokuma, kanye nezinkanyezi ezinomsila zibhukuda emkhathini nemisila yazo ekhanyayo, ebonisa ukukhanya kwelanga okuwela kuzo. Asikwazi ukuziba ama- meteor, avela njengamalambu azumayo angena esibhakabhakeni ebusuku.
Lapho la ma meteor ehlangana ebheke eMhlabeni, sibona lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi imvula ye-meteor, lapho isibhakabhaka sikhazimula khona ngombukiso omangalisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinto ezifana ne-Kuiper Belt, okuyiqembu lezinto ezineqhwa ezitholakala kude ne-Neptune, kanye nezinto ze-Oort Cloud, ezitholakala emaphethelweni esimiso sonozungezilanga.
Masingakhohlwa amavulandlela esimanje ekuhloleni umkhathi; Imikhumbi-mkhathi engamarobhothi, ezulazula phakathi kwamaplanethi nezinto zasemkhathini isithumela ulwazi nezithombe ezisenza siqonde okungaphezu kwemingcele yomhlaba wethu oseduze.
