Isihloko esimayelana nesikhala
Ucwaningo olusha lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe lunikeza amathuba anezithelo okuhlola indawo nokuqonda izimfihlo zayo ezimangalisayo.
Kulo mongo, iqembu labacwaningi lishicilele isihloko esifushane sesayensi esihlola izici ezijabulisayo mayelana nomkhathi.
Lolu cwaningo luqukethe iqoqo lamaqiniso amangalisayo ngomkhathi, njengoba uchazwa njengakho konke okusizungezile emkhathini omkhulukazi.
Umkhathi uhlanganisa amaplanethi, izinkanyezi, imithala, ama- meteor nama- meteor, kanye nekhala elihlukanisa izindikimba zasemkhathini.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko okugxilwe kuzo esihlokweni umkhathi woMhlaba, lapho kubuyekezwa khona izingqimba zawo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokubaluleka kwazo ekugcineni ukuphila eplanethini enguMhlaba.
Amaplanethi ayisishiyagalolunye ayingxenye yesimiso sonozungezilanga kuyakhulunywa ngawo, kuhlanganise noMhlaba kanye nelanga lethu.
Njengoba isikhala singenalutho ngokuphelele, i-athikili iphakamisa ukuthi iqukethe i-vacuum ehlobene ehlanganisa ukuminyana okuphansi kwezinhlayiya.
Kukhona nohlu lwezindawo zocwaningo ezithokozisayo ezihlobene nomkhathi, njengamalabhorethri asemkhathini asebenzela ukuqonda izimfihlo zendawo yonke ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zaselabhorethri nokuhlaziya.
Umlando womculo wasemkhathini nawo udonsa intshisekelo yomphakathi, njengoba umsindo we-black hole uhambisana nolwazi oluyingqayizivele lomculo olubonisa ubuhle kanye nemfihlakalo yendawo.
I-World Space Week iwumcimbi omkhulu waminyaka yonke ohlobene nomkhathi emhlabeni, ohlelelwe ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kokuhlolwa komkhathi nokukhuthaza abantu abasha ukuthi bakhe abasebenzi abakwazi ukuhlola nokuthuthukisa le sayensi.
Siyini isikhala ngamafuphi?
Umkhathi uphakathi kwezinto ezijabulisa kakhulu nezingaqondakali zalo mkhathi omkhulukazi esiphila kuwo.
Kungumqondo ophakamisa imibuzo eminingi ngobunjalo bawo nomthelela wawo ezimpilweni zabantu.
Ngakho siyini ngempela indawo?
Umkhathi yindawo engaphandle komkhathi womhlaba.
Nakuba kunzima ukunquma ukuqala kwesikhala ngenxa ye-gradient yomoya kanye nokuguqukela kwawo ezingqimbeni zawo eziphakeme kakhulu, indawo ngokuvamile iqala ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayikhulu ngaphezu kobuso boMhlaba.
Lesi sifunda, esibizwa ngokuthi “umkhathi ongaphandle,” asinalutho ngokuphelele, kodwa siqukethe i-vacuum ehlobene futhi yakhiwe iqoqo lezinhlayiya ezinomthamo omncane.
Ihlukile endaweni yomoya ezungeze iplanethi yethu.
Umkhathi ubamba amaplanethi, izinkanyezi, imithala, ama- meteor nama- meteor, futhi wenza ikhaya laso endaweni ephakathi kwezindikimba zasemkhathini.
Izungezwe amaqiniso amaningi amangalisayo ahlaba abantu umxhwele.
Umhlaba uyingcosana nje yothuli kulesi sikhala esikhulu.
Lapho sibheka esibhakabhakeni futhi sibona ilanga, esikubonayo kuwumfanekiso walo eminyakeni emine edlule, ngoba kuthatha isikhathi ukuba ukukhanya kufinyelele kithi.
Abanye bangase bazibuze ukuthi umkhathi ongaphandle awuwubambi umoya wemvelo ongawuphefumula.
Kuyisikhala esihluke ngokuphelele ezimweni zokuphila komuntu eMhlabeni.
Uma kunento eyodwa okumele uyikhumbule ngesikhala, yisikhathi.
Isikhala sithinta isikhathi sokuphila sosomkhathi baso, futhi abaningi bangase bazibuze ukuthi basazi kanjani isikhathi emkhathini nomthelela waso ekuphileni okukuyo.
Ngazi kanjani ulwazi mayelana nesikhala?
- Izimboni zasemkhathini:
Ama-Observatory asemkhathini asebenzela ukuhlinzeka ngezithombe nolwazi ngesikhala ngemishini yawo ethuthukisiwe.
Lezi zindawo zokubuka izinto zithwebula izithombe ezinembile nolwazi lwamaplanethi, izinkanyezi, imithala nezinye izindikimba zasemkhathini.
Lezi zithombe nolwazi lutholakala ukuze ososayensi nabacwaningi bafunde futhi bahlaziye. - Osomkhathi:
Lapho osomkhathi behamba ngaphesheya koMhlaba, baba ofakazi bezenzakalo ezimangalisayo zasemkhathini.
Osomkhathi babhala ulwazi lwabo emkhathini ngezithombe namavidiyo futhi bawathumele Emhlabeni.
Lezo zithombe kanye nolwazi ababelana ngalo kusinikeza ukubheka eduze okujabulisayo kwezimpilo zabo kanye nezimanga ezisilindile emkhathini. - Amasathelayithi nama-space probe:
Amasathelayithi nama-probe asemkhathini kwethulwa emkhathini ukuze kuqoqwe ukwaziswa okuqondile ngezindikimba zasemkhathini.
Lawa masathelayithi athwebula izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zamaplanethi akude nemithala, okusivumela ukuthi siqonde kangcono ukuqanjwa kwawo okumangalisayo nezici.
Lolu lwazi oluqoqiwe lusinikeza ukuqonda okujulile kwesikhala futhi lusiza ososayensi benze ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokutholwayo. - Amawebhusayithi nemithombo yesayensi:
Kunamawebhusayithi amaningi atholakalayo ahlinzeka ngolwazi oluphelele noluthembekile mayelana nomkhathi, amaplanethi, nezinkanyezi.
Singathembela kule mithombo ukuthola amaqiniso akamuva kanye nocwaningo mayelana nomkhathi nokusha okutholwe kulo mkhakha.
Into enhle kakhulu eshiwo ngesikhala?
Umkhathi uqukethe izimfihlo nobuhle obuningi abantu abangenakubuqonda futhi babucabange ngokugcwele.
Umkhathi ube ngumthombo wogqozi kumavulandlela amaningi, ososayensi, kanye nezimbongi kuyo yonke iminyaka.
Enye yezingcaphuno eziphawuleka kakhulu mayelana nomkhathi ivela kusonkanyezi waseMelika uNeil Armstrong, owathi: “Lesi isinyathelo esincane esincane kumuntu, kodwa umdondoshiya owodwa ugxumela isintu.”
Lesi sisho sibonisa ukubaluleka okukhulu kokufinyelela indawo kanye nokuhlola imfihlakalo yayo.
Isikhala sikhuthaze izimbongi nababhali abaningi.
Imbongi yomhlaba wonke uWilliam Shakespeare yathi: “Ngizizwa sengathi ngicasha ngemva kophahla lwenkanyezi noma ukuba semkhathini, futhi ngizwa ukukhanya komzimba wami esibhakabhakeni.”
Lesi sisho siveza isifiso esinamandla sokubalekela umhlaba ovamile futhi singene ezweni elibanzi nelimangalisayo lomkhathi.
Futhi, isazi sezinkanyezi uCarl Sagan sagcizelela ukubaluleka kwaphezulu komkhathi ngokuthi: “Kuningi esingasitshela kona, kodwa ingabe silalele?”
Lo musho usikhumbuza ukuthi umkhathi uqukethe izimfihlo nemithetho kaNkulunkulu engakadalulwa, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi umuntu ayilalele futhi afune ukuyiqonda.
Umlobi odumile emhlabeni wonke uGabriel García Márquez wathi: “Anginaso isithakazelo sokwazi umkhathi wethu lapha, kodwa kunalokho amaplanethi enza esizungezile.”
Lo musho uveza intshisekelo yomuntu yokwazi izenzakalo zezinkanyezi, izimfihlo zamaplanethi, nomthelela wazo ezimpilweni zethu kanye nokuba khona kwethu kulo mkhathi omkhulukazi.
Iyini inhloso yokundiza emkhathini?
I-Saudi Space Authority ishicilele uhlelo loMbuso losomkhathi ngenjongo yokufeza izinjongo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile.
ISiphathimandla sihlose ukubandakanya abafundi ocwaningweni lwesayensi eSiteshini Somkhathi Samazwe Ngamazwe, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa ngengqondo kwendawo kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ekwenzeni ngcono izinga lempilo.
Lolu hlelo futhi luhlose ukuthuthukisa ithimba likazwelonke losomkhathi elifeza izifiso zezwe ekuhloleni isayensi nokubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yokuhlola emkhathini.
Lezi zindiza zabona intuthuko ebalulekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba isakhamuzi saseSoviet u-Yuri Gagrin enza indiza yokuqala yomuntu emkhathini ngo-April 12, 1961, ngaleyo ndlela evula umnyango omusha wokuhlola nokuhlola kwesayensi emkhathini.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziqondile zokuhlola indawo, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezindaweni ezifana nemithi, imvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kungashiwo.
Ukuhlola umkhathi nakho kuyithuba elibalulekile lokufundisa abantu nokwandisa ukuqwashisa kwabo ngendawo kanye nokuqonda kwayo okuyisisekelo ngeplanethi yethu nomkhathi.
Uhlelo lukasomkhathi loMbuso eMbusweni waseSaudi Arabia luyintuthuko ebalulekile emkhakheni wezomkhathi, njengoba luhlose esigabeni salo sokuqala ukuthumela osomkhathi ababili (owesilisa nowesifazane) ohambweni olunomuntu oluya esiteshini sasemkhathini.
Lolu hambo luhlose ukwenza ucwaningo oluyi-14 oluhlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ehlobene nomkhathi, ngendlela enomthelela ekufinyeleleni izinjongo zeSaudi Vision 2030.
Kungani kwaqanjwa leli gama?
Nakuba indawo yaziwa ngabanye njengale nto enkulu exhumene namaplanethi nezinkanyezi, imvelaphi nesisekelo segama elithi isikhala sibuyela emuva eplanethini ngesiNgisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iliphi igama nendawo.
Leli gama lisikisela ukuthi kunokuthile okungavamile okufanele sikulangazelele kakhulu ukufunda ngakho.
Ngempela, indawo igcwele izindida, izimfihlakalo, nezinto ezimangalisayo.
Isibonelo, uma uthola ithuba lokuhlala emkhathini ubone ilanga lapho, uzothola ukuthi alifani nelanga esilibona eMhlabeni.
Le ndida ibizwa nge-“Olbers’ Paradox” nge-cosmologist yaseJalimane u-Olbers.
Uma kwenzeka umsebenzi phezu kweLanga, kubangela isimo sezulu sasemkhathini, esiba nemiphumela emangalisayo endaweni ezungeze uMhlaba.
Naphezu kokubaluleka kokutadisha lesi senzakalo sezinkanyezi, kunezinye izimfihlakalo eziningi zezinkanyezi emkhathini ngokwawo, njengokuthi “umphumela wokubuka konke,” ohlobene nomuzwa wethu ovamile nowokubi lapho sicabanga ngobukhulu bomkhathi nobuningi bezinkanyezi nemithala. .
Lapho sizulazula emkhathini, siyozithola sizungezwe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi zemithala nenani elingenamkhawulo lezinkanyezi.
Kukhona iphrojekthi yocwaningo eqhubekayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-telescope ehlose ukuthola amanye amaplanethi angaphandle kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga.
Kukhona iwebhusayithi yeZizwe Ezihlangene ezinikele ekugubheni Iviki Lomhlaba Lomkhathi, equkethe izinguqulo ezisemthethweni zemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ehlobene nendawo kanye nemisebenzi yayo, futhi phakathi kwale mithetho kuneSivumelwano Sezimiso Ezilawula Imisebenzi Yangaphandle Yendawo.
Enye yezimangaliso zesikhala?
Emhlabeni omkhulu womkhathi, akukho mingcele yezinto ezingokoqobo nezimangaliso nezithakazelo ezisatshalaliswa ezimangaza imiqondo yabantu.
Usuku nosuku, ososayensi basemkhathini bathola izimfihlo ezintsha ezibonisa ubukhulu nokwanda koMdali.
Okokuqala, bewazi yini ukuthi ungabona Izimangaliso Eziyisikhombisa Zomhlaba onqenqemeni lomkhathi? Abazingeli manje sebengakwazi ukufeza leli phupho elihle ngo-$50 kuphela. Lapho zingahamba khona ziye emaphethelweni esikhala ngebhaluni lasemkhathini.
Umkhathi ongaphandle kanye nalo mkhathi omkhulukazi unamandla okusimangaza.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunochungechunge lwe-anime lwaseJapane nesiFulentshi olubizwa ngokuthi “Izimangaliso Zomkhathi,” olwakhiqizwa ngo-1982 futhi luneziqephu ezingu-26. Lwaqanjwa ngesi-Arabhu futhi lwaboniswa eziteshini eziningi zethelevishini.
Phakathi kwezimangaliso ezithakazelisayo zesikhala, amafu anemibala ezungezile emaphethelweni amakholomu ahlala ekhanga ukunaka kwethu.
La mafu akhiwe ngezinto ezishisisa futhi zihwamuke emkhathini, futhi ukuwabona kubhekwa njengamaqiniso amangalisayo okunzima ukuwakholelwa.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi iNyanga, umakhelwane wethu wasezulwini, ayinawo umkhathi, kuyilapho yayinawo ngaphambili.
Kufana nomuntu obandayo, ongayedwana osemkhathini, futhi lokhu okutholakele kusikhanyisela ngezimfihlo zokwakheka kwamaplanethi nezindikimba zasemkhathini.
Okunye okujabulisayo, usomkhathi ubeka iketela lamanzi esitofini sikagesi ngaphakathi komkhumbi-mkhathi ukuze abiliswe ngaphansi kwezimo zokungabi nesisindo.
Lesi senzo esiyingqayizivele sinikeza ukubukeka okuthakazelisayo komthelela wesikhala emisebenzini yethu yansuku zonke.
Izibonelo zokufunda isayensi yasemkhathini?
Isibonelo sesayensi yomkhathi enkulu, abafundi abangabhalisa kuyo njengengxenye yezinhlelo zabo ze-masters kanye neziqu zobudokotela, isayensi yezinkanyezi.
I-astronomy ingahlukaniswa ibe yimikhakha emincane noma izihloko zocwaningo ngaphakathi kwemikhakha yeziqu.
Kodwa-ke, amanyuvesi amaningi afundisa le sayensi njengengxenye ye "physics".
Kusayensi yezinkanyezi, indawo yonke iyacutshungulwa kanye nezinkanyezi ezikuwo njengelanga, amaplanethi, izinkanyezi, izinyanga, izinkanyezi ezinomsila, nemithala.
Emkhakheni wesayensi yasemkhathini, kuhlolwa iziphuphutheki, imikhumbi-mkhathi, iziteshi zasemkhathini, nokucwaninga okuhlobene nomkhathi.
Uma ufuna ukufunda isayensi yezinkanyezi ngendlela yezemfundo, kufanele ujoyine ikolishi eliyisipesheli, njengeKholeji Lezinkanyezi eCairo, isibonelo, nanoma yiliphi elinye ikolishi elinentshisekelo yesayensi yezinkanyezi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izazi zezinkanyezi zinezikhundla eziphezulu, kungaba semanyuvesi noma ezindaweni zokucwaninga kazwelonke ezigunyaziwe ezifunda ngomkhathi nezindikimba zasezulwini ngokuvamile.
Isayensi yasemkhathini kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi iphathelene nocwaningo ngendawo yonke nazo zonke izinto, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibonakala ngeso lenyama, njengezinkanyezi nezinyanga, noma ezingabonakali, njengezimbobo ezimnyama nemisebe ye-cosmic.
I-Astronomy ifundwa njengengxenye engaphansi yesayensi yasemkhathini, enemigomo efanayo yesayensi nesetshenziswayo yokuqonda imvelaphi nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwendawo yonke.
Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwesayensi yezinkanyezi kusisiza ukuba siqonde izimfihlo eziningi zesayensi yezinkanyezi kanye nezigigaba, njengokufunda ilanga njengenkanyezi, isimiso sonozungezilanga nemizimba yalo ehlukahlukene.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zesikhala?
Indawo ezungeze iplanethi enguMhlaba ingesinye sezihloko ezithakazelisayo nezithokozisayo, futhi izimfihlo eziningi nolwazi oluyimfihlakalo oluzungezayo oluheha ukunaka kwesintu.
Amazwe aseqalile ukuthola isithakazelo esikhulayo ekuhloleni indawo ngenxa yezinzuzo zako eziningi.
Imisebenzi yasemkhathini inomthelela omuhle ezindaweni nezinjongo eziningi.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zalezi zici ukuqapha isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu eMhlabeni, njengoba isikhala singanikeza idatha enembile ukuze ososayensi baqonde ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi babikezele izimo zesimo sezulu.
Futhi kusiza ukuthuthukisa imfundo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokunikeza ukuxhumana okusheshayo nobuchwepheshe besathelayithi obusekela imfundo yabantu futhi buthuthukise ukunakekelwa kwabo kwezempilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwezinsiza kanye nokongiwa kwemvelo.
Kufaka isandla ekuzuzeni impumelelo ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi kanye nokuqapha ukusimama kwemithombo yemvelo.
Ngokuqinisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe emkhakheni wendawo, amazwe angakwazi ukuzuza intuthuko ebanzi neqhubekayo.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezingokomzimba, isikhala sibuye sibe nomoya okhuthazayo nokukhanga okukhulu.
Ithuthukisa ukubambisana kwamazwe futhi isebenza ukufukamela abasebenzi bakusasa phakathi kwabafundi.
Iphinde igqamise izinhlelo zasemkhathini futhi inikeze isiko nemfundo emphakathini, okuholela ekwandiseni ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngokubaluleka kokuthuthukiswa kwendawo.
Kungashiwo ukuthi isikhala siphethe izinzuzo nezinzuzo eziningi ezinkulu.
Akuyona nje igebe endaweni yonke, kodwa isikhungo sokutholwa, ukubambisana nenqubekelaphambili.
Amazwe ayaqhubeka nokubheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuhloleni indawo kanye nokuxhashazwa kangcono kwemithombo yawo, ukuze azuze ezinzuzweni zawo ezihlukahlukene futhi azuze intuthuko ebanzi.
Ubani owaqala ukuthola indawo?
Isakhamuzi saseSoviet u-Yuri Gagarin wethula indiza yokuqala yomuntu emkhathini ngo-Ephreli 12, 1961, waba umuntu wokuqala ukukwazi ukundizela emkhathini ongaphandle futhi abuyele ngokuphepha eMhlabeni.
U-Yuri Gagarin, owazalwa ngo-March 9, 1934, wayengumkhathi waseRussia futhi engusonkanyezi wokuqala emlandweni wesintu owaziwa futhi orekhodiwe.
U-Yuri Gagarin wazalelwa emndenini ovamile. Uyise wayengumbazi, umakhi, nomlimi, kanti umama wakhe wayesebenza kwenye imboni.
U-Yuri wayengowesithathu ezinganeni zakubo.
Ngo-1960, iSoviet Union yaqala ukusebenza ngohlelo olusha lwasemkhathini ngenhloso yokuthumela umuntu emkhathini, ngemva kokugwema amaphutha enzeke emzamweni odlule.
Ekuseni ngo-March 27, 1968, umkhathi waseSoviet u-Yuri Gagarin wavuka enemikhosi nezibusiso.
Usonkanyezi odumile wayesesimweni esihle kakhulu, njengoba avunyelwa le ndiza eyingqophamlando lapho eneminyaka engu-34 ubudala.
Ngo-April 12, 1961, i-Vostok, umkhumbi-mkhathi weSoviet Union, yaphakanyiswa yafakwa emzileni womhlaba futhi yaguqula u-Yuri Gagarin waba umuntu wokuqala emkhathini.
Nokho, ngemva kokuba i-capsule yasemkhathini ibuyile, abaseSoviet abalivula bathola isimanga esishaqisayo.
Lapho livuleka, bashaqeka lapho bebona izidumbu zosonkanyezi abathathu abalahlekelwe izimpilo zabo phakathi nokundiza emkhathini.
Lokhu kushiya umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu kuze kube manje wokuthi ubani owaqala ukuhlola umkhathi. Indiza ka-Yuri Gagarin yaphawula isiqalo esingokomlando sesintu futhi yavula iminyango yokuhlola umkhathi kanye nokunwetshwa kwemingcele emisha yesayensi nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
Uyini umbala wesikhala?
Umbala wesikhala ungomunye wemibuzo engaqondakali futhi edidayo ehlala ezingqondweni zabantu abaningi.
Uma sibheka isibhakabhaka kulobubusuku, sibona ukuthi isikhala sibonakala simnyama futhi singenambala.
Kodwa kungani isikhala simnyama kangaka?
Ukuba mnyama kwesikhala kungenxa yezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko.
Isizathu sokuqala sihlobene nenani elilinganiselwe lezinkanyezi endaweni yonke.
Uma sibuka isibhakabhaka kulobubusuku, sibona izinkanyezi ezimbalwa ezikhanyayo zisakazwa emithala ehlukahlukene nasezindikimbeni zasemkhathini.
Lezi zinkanyezi azanele ukwenza indawo ikhanye ngokucacile, ngakho iningi lazo lihlala lisebumnyameni.
Isizathu sesibili sobumnyama bendawo sidinga ukuqonda okujulile komqondo wezinkanyezi nombala wazo.
Izinkanyezi, empeleni, azinawo umbala othile.
Umbala umqondo ohlobene nokumelwa kokukhanya namagagasi ako lapho evezwa phezu kwawo futhi ebonakala endaweni.
Uma sibheka kude kakhulu, njengezinkanyezi, asinalo ikhono lokubona imibala ngokucacile.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngecala lapho ukukhanya kushaya into emkhathini futhi kubonakala? Kulesi simo, ukukhanya kubuyela eMhlabeni futhi kudlule emkhathini.
Lapha, umkhathi udonsa amaza okukhanya amaningi, okubangela ukumuncwa kwemibala ethile futhi kubonakale luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni sasemini kanye nobumnyama esibhakabhakeni ebusuku.
Nakuba sibona umnyama emkhathini, empeleni awukho umbala wangempela.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akukho lutho olubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga nanoma iyiphi enye inkanyezi emkhathini.
Ngomqondo wesayensi, indawo igcwele izinhlayiya ezincane futhi kunomqondo omncane ebukhoneni banoma yiziphi izinhlanganisela zombala.
Ngakho-ke, isikhala empeleni sibhekwa cishe esingenambala, futhi lesi yisizathu sobumnyama obubonakalayo.
Icishe ibe yi-vacuum equkethe izinhlayiya ezincane nezinkanyezi ezikude ezibonakala njengamachashazi akhanyayo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku.
Yini esanda kutholwa emkhathini?
I-NASA imemezele into engakaze ibonwe, ithola iplanethi yesibili efana noMhlaba ngobukhulu futhi izungeza ilanga elincane ebangeni elifanele.
Lokhu okutholakele kwandisa amathuba okuba khona kwempilo yangaphandle komhlaba.
Okutholwe kwakamuva akugcini nje kumaplanethi kuphela, njengoba i-NASA iphinde yamemezela ukutholakala komgodi omkhulu omnyama ogeleza emkhathini ngesivinini esikhulu.
Lokhu kutholakala kungaba nomthelela ekuqondeni kwethu izinto ezibonakalayo eziyinkimbinkimbi endaweni yonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-James Webb Telescope yathola i-compound "methenium" kudiski ye-protoplanetary.
Lokhu kutholwa kuthathwa njengomsebenzi obalulekile ekuqondeni inqubo yokwakheka kwamaplanethi amasha kanye nomthetho wezinkanyezi.
Umlando wokuhlolwa komkhathi uhlehlela emuva ku-1921 lapho ukuhlasela kokuqala komkhathi ongaphandle kwenzeka, futhi kusukela lapho, ulwazi lomuntu luye lwanda futhi izifundo nokucwaninga kulo mkhakha kuye kwajula.
Ososayensi basebenzisa imishini ethuthukisiwe, amathuluzi esimanje kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokuhlola indawo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yesayensi.
I-Cassini, umkhumbi-mkhathi we-NASA, wadlala indima ebalulekile ekudaluleni ukuthi i-Titan, inyanga enkulu ye-Saturn, iqukethe inani elikhulu le-methane ne-ethane.
La makhemikhali adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni ukwakheka kwamaplanethi kanye nokwenzeka kokuphila endaweni yawo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi unyaka ka-2022 waba nokutholakala okuningi okuhle komkhathi, njengoba ucwaningo lwalugxile ekuhloleni izenzakalo ezingaziwa zomkhathi emkhathini.
Umgomo wososayensi wawuwukubona ngokucacile indawo yonke nokuhlola izimfihlakalo ezazingakaxazululeki ngaphambili.
Lapho lezi zinto ezitholakele sezimenyezelwe, inhloko ye-NASA uBill Nelson yathi isithombe ngasinye esisha siwukutholwa kwesintu futhi sizosinika umbono omusha ngendawo yonke.
Lokhu kukhombisa imizamo yososayensi yokuveza izimfihlo zemkhathi nokwandisa ama-horizons olwazi lomuntu.
I-NASA inikeze izithombe ezimbili ezimangalisayo ezibonwe i-James Webb Telescope, isibonakude sasemkhathini esiphethwe yiMelika esibiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Baye babizwa ngokuthi “inkulisa yezinkanyezi” kanye “nomdanso we-cosmic.”
Lezi zithombe ziyingxenye ebalulekile ekuqoqweni kwezithombe zasemkhathini ezimangalisayo.
Iyiphi into enhle kakhulu emkhathini?
Esinye sezimanga eziphawuleka kakhulu ukutholwa okumangalisayo emkhakheni wobuhle bemvelo obuyingqayizivele besikhala.
Akungabazeki ukuthi izenzakalo zemvelo zendawo yonke zimangaza abantu emhlabeni wonke.Kusukela efwini elikhazimulayo lezinkanyezi kuya emibalabala evuthayo yama-meteor adlulayo ngisho nemithala ebabazekayo, amaplanethi, izinkanyezi namafu akhanyayo kunikeza abantu umuzwa wobuhle nokonakala. ngemibono yabo emangalisayo.
Kodwa ngokuvamile, amaplanethi, ikakhulukazi uMhlaba, abhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu emkhathini ngenxa yokuhlukahluka okuthakazelisayo kanye nenjabulo.
Izwe linikeza izigcawu zemvelo ezimangalisayo njengezintaba, izigodi, ulwandle nezimpophoma.
Isibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi siphinde sithuthukise ubuhle bendawo ngokuthinta kwaso kothando nokumangalisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-meteor acwebezelayo, imithala kanye nothuli oluhle lwe-cosmic nakho kuwubuhle bendawo obumangalisayo nobudonsa umoya.
Ngokubuka okukodwa emkhathini, umuntu angathola leyo mibala ekhangayo nezimo ezimangalisayo ezibanika umuzwa wokumangala nokumangala ongenakucatshangwa ngamagama.
Injani impilo emkhathini?
Kuyaziwa ukuthi impilo yosomkhathi ihluke ngokuphelele empilweni yethu yasemhlabeni.
Emkhathini, lapho osomkhathi behlala khona ngaphandle kwamandla adonsela phansi, izinselele eziningi nezinguquko zibalindile, zibaphoqe ukuthi bazijwayeze futhi basungule izinto ezintsha.
- Ukubona ilanga: Osomkhathi babona ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga izikhathi ezingu-16 ngosuku, okwenzeka njalo ngemizuzu engu-90 kumjikelezo womkhathi.
- Ukudla: Ukukhetha nokulungisa ukudla emkhathini kudinga ukucabanga nokuhlela ngokucophelela.
Osomkhathi badla ukudla osekupakishwe kusengaphambili futhi okugayiwe ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho kwezempilo, kusukela ekudleni okomisiwe kuya ekudleni okusemathinini neziphuzo eziwuketshezi. - Ukulala: Balala kanjani osomkhathi ku-International Space Station? Impendulo iwukuthi zisebenzisa izikhwama zokulala zendawo ezikhethekile ezinamathela odongeni ukuze zigweme ukundiza lapho ungekho amandla adonsela phansi.
Baphinde bafake amathuluzi abasiza ukuthi baphumule futhi banikeze indawo efanelekile yokulala. - Ukuhlanzeka Komuntu Siqu: Osomkhathi bahlonyiswe ngemikhiqizo yokugeza neyokuhlanza amazinyo ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo yabo.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi amanzi awatholakali ngamanani anele emkhathini, izicubu zephepha eziswakanyiswe ngezinto ezilwa namagciwane zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza umzimba. - Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zangasese: Izindlu zangasese ezikhethekile zisetshenziswa eSiteshini Somkhathi Samazwe Ngamazwe, lapho indle yomuntu iqoqwa futhi icutshungulwe ngohlelo oluthuthukisiwe ukuze iguqule ibe amanzi ahlanzekile angasetshenziswa futhi.
- Ukusebenza emkhathini: Osomkhathi bachitha amahora amaningi benza imisebenzi yabo yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe esiteshini.
Umsebenzi wabo uyahlukahluka phakathi kokwenza izivivinyo, ucwaningo lwesayensi, nokugcina imishini. - Ukuzijabulisa nesikhathi sokuchitha: Osomkhathi bachitha isikhathi esithile befunda izincwadi nokubuka amamuvi nochungechunge.
Baphinde bachithe isikhathi esithile bezivocavoca ukuze balondoloze ukuqina kwabo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. - Ukuxhumana nomndeni: Osomkhathi basebenzisa izinto zokuxhumana ezithuthukisiwe ukuze baxhumane namalungu omndeni wabo nabangane abaseMhlabeni.
Bangakwazi ukuthumela imilayezo yezwi, imiyalezo, futhi bakhulume namakholi wevidiyo. - Isimo sezempilo: Isimo sezempilo sosomkhathi sigadwa futhi siqashwe njalo, futhi bathola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okudingekayo.
Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo, zihanjiswa phansi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. - Ukuzidela nokuphonselwa inselelo: Osomkhathi bachaza ukuzizwisa kwabo emkhathini njengokuzidela okungokomlando kanye nenselele yangempela.
Ngalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, imingcele yolwazi lomuntu iyanwetshwa futhi kuzuzwe impumelelo enkulu yesayensi.
Yini i-astronaut eyibona emkhathini?
Imibiko ye-NASA isivezela izimfihlo ezijabulisayo mayelana nempilo yosomkhathi kanye nolwazi lwabo emkhathini.
Osomkhathi nama-cosmonauts basebenza ngenkuthalo imikhumbi-mkhathi neziteshi, baphinde bethule futhi bathole amasathelayithi.
Akukhona lokho kuphela, futhi benza izivivinyo zesayensi, ezobunjiniyela, nezokwelashwa emkhathini.
Osomkhathi bachitha izinsuku zabo besebenza kanzima ukuze baqedele ukuhlola kwesayensi futhi babheke izenzakalo zezinkanyezi.
Kusukela ebusweni benyanga, osomkhathi bangakwazi ukubona isibhakabhaka esimnyama nezinkanyezi ngokucacile, kuyilapho bengakwazi ukuzibona emini naphezu kobuso boMhlaba.
Ake sazi amaqiniso ayishumi mayelana nokungabi nasisindo okutholwa osomkhathi emkhathini:
- Usonkanyezi akazishintshi izingubo zakhe isikhathi eside.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi noma ukumelana emkhathini. - Osomkhathi baziqeqesha ngokuqinile ukuze babekezelele isimo esingenasisindo, lapho imizimba yabo ithinteka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokusetshenziswa kwemisipha yabo ngenxa yokuntuleka komthwalo wamandla adonsela phansi.
- Osomkhathi basebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile ukuze bagcine impilo yabo evamile futhi balawule isisindo somzimba wabo.
- Esimeni esingenasisindo, osomkhathi bangandiza emoyeni noma banqamule besuka endaweni eyodwa baye kwenye kalula.
- Emkhathini, iLanga livela ngemibala ehlukene, njengoba ukukhanya kwelanga okunezinga eliphansi kubonakala.
- Uma usomkhathi ehamba emkhathini, ubezwa uhlobo olusha lwenkululeko, enekhono lokuya kunoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kwemingcele yamandla adonsela phansi.
- Osomkhathi bangabona imikhondo namamaki emizimbeni yabo ngemva kokubuyela eMhlabeni ngenxa yomphumela wokungabi nesisindo.
- Osomkhathi bazizwa bezolile futhi bekhululekile lapho bengena esimweni esingenasisindo.
- Ukubona uMhlaba usemkhathini kwenza osomkhathi babone ubuhle nobuthaka bempilo yasemhlabeni.
- Osomkhathi bangabuka izindikimba zasemkhathini futhi babheke ukunyakaza kwazo ngemikhumbi-mkhathi yazo.
