Ngilenza kanjani ibhomu?
Ukwenza amabhomu kuyingozi, akukho emthethweni futhi kuthathwa njengesenzo sobugebengu. Kuyalulekwa kakhulu ukuthi ungazibandakanyi kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi ohlobene nokwakhiwa kwamabhomu nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwezikhali. Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhomu kusongela ukuphila kwabantu futhi kubangela ukucekelwa phansi okukhulu nokuyingozi. Kufanele sonke sibambisane ekugcineni ukuthula nokulondeka futhi singafinyeleli izinhloso zethu ngokulimaza izimpilo zabanye.
Ukusebenzisa ulwazi mayelana nokwenza amabhomu ngezindlela ezinokuthula nezisebenzisekayo akulungile, inqobo nje uma izinjongo zizinhle futhi zisebenzisa isayensi nocwaningo. Ulwazi namakhono kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa imiphakathi yethu nokuxazulula izinkinga, kunokusebenzisela izenzo ezilimazayo.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nenkinga yezokuphepha noma kungenzeka kube khona ibhomu, abantu kufanele bathinte iziphathimandla zendawo noma amaphoyisa ngokushesha ukuze babike inkinga. Kufanele sonke sisebenze njengemiphakathi ukuze sibambe iqhaza ekugcineni ukuphepha nokuphepha futhi sibhekane nezinsongo zokuphepha ngezindlela ezingokomthetho.
Azikho izinzuzo ezithethelela ukwenza amabhomu. Umgomo oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe nesayensi ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantu nokukhuthaza inqubekelaphambili nokuchuma. Kufanele sisebenzisane ukwakha izwe eliphephile neliphumelelayo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, lapho ukuthula nokubambisana phakathi kwabantu kubusa esikhundleni sobudlova nokucekela phansi.
Yiziphi izingxenye zebhomu lesandla?
Ibhomu liqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokufeza umsebenzi walo olimazayo. Lezi zingxenye zihlanganisa ibhomu eliqhumayo, izindlela zokuqhunyiswa, uhlelo lokuqondisa ibhomu kanye nezinye izinto ezisizayo. Ibhomu eliqhumayo liyingxenye eyinhloko yebhomu lesandla futhi ngokuvamile liqukethe izinto eziqhumayo, njenge-dynamite noma i-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Lezi zingxenye eziqhumayo zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukuqhuma okunamandla okungacekela phansi ithagethi ethile noma kulimaze abantu endaweni okuqondiswe kuyo. Mayelana nezindlela zokuqhunyiswa kwebhomu, zifaka isibambo sebhomu, i-spark neon, izintambo namabhethri anikeza ibhomu amandla adingekayo ukuze liqhume. Isistimu yokuqondisa yebhomu iliqondisa ngokunembile ekuqondisweni oyifunayo, futhi ingase ihlanganise isistimu yezinzwa, efana nenzwa yokunyakaza noma i-infrared sensing. Amanye amathuluzi asizayo, njengechord yokuphepha kanye nekhava yebhomu, ahlinzekwa ukuze kwandiswe ukuphepha komsebenzisi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuqhunyiswa okufanele kwebhomu.
Yiziphi izingxenye zebhomu lentuthu?
Ibhomu lentuthu liqukethe izingxenye ezifaka isandla ekukhiqizeni okuphumelelayo nasekuhlakazweni kwentuthu. Ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa into ebizwa nge-organic explosive sonic. Lona ukwaziswa okuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni intuthu ewugqinsi kakhulu futhi eminyene. Iziqinisi ezifana ne-potassium, i-sodium ne-calcium nitrate nazo zisetshenziselwa ukwandisa isikhathi sokushiswa kwebhomu kanye nokwakheka kwentuthu. I-Hexapolynic nitrile (HMX) ithuthukisa ukuqhunyiswa futhi isiza ukudala ukuvinjwa kombala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhomu entuthu aqukethe izinto eziyimpuphu ezifana ne-aluminium oxide ne-propylene glycol ukukhiqiza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nokwandisa amandla okuqhuma. Ngokusebenzisa izinto eziqhumayo nezinye izinhlanganisela, amabhomu entuthu enziwa ukuthi aphumelele ekukhiqizeni intuthu enkulu ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene njengokuqeqesha, ukuhlenga kanye nokufihla.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebhomu lenuzi ne-athomu?
Ibhomu lenuzi kanye nebhomu le-athomu yizinhlobo ezimbili zezikhali zenuzi ezisetshenziselwa ukubangela umonakalo omkhulu. Umehluko phakathi kwazo usendleleni ukuqhuma okubangelwa ngayo kanye nemiphumela yazo endaweni ezungezile nakubantu abavamile.
Ibhomu le-athomu linamandla amancane kunebhomu lenuzi futhi lithembele ekuphenduleni kwenuzi ku-nucleus eyodwa kuphela. Kuncike ekuhlakazweni kwe-nucleus esindayo ukuze kukhululwe amandla amakhulu, futhi kubangela ukungcola okuphawulekayo kwemisebe ngenxa yokukhishwa kwemisebe yenuzi. Amabhomu e-athomu abangela ukucekelwa phansi okulinganiselwe kodwa awafinyeleli ezingeni lokubhujiswa okuphelele.
Ibhomu lenuzi linamandla futhi lilimaza kakhulu, njengoba lincike ekuphenduleni kwe-nuclei kuma-nuclei amaningana ukuthungela uchungechunge lokusabela. Amabhomu enuzi aqukethe izinto ezikhipha imisebe njenge-plutonium noma i-uranium ecebile, futhi ahambisana nokusabela kwenuzi okukhulula amandla amakhulu, okuholela ekucekeleni phansi okukhulu komphakathi kanye nemvelo futhi kubangele ukungcoliswa kwemisebe yesikhathi eside.
Nakuba ibhomu lenuzi kanye nebhomu le-athomu kufana ngokuthi kokubili kusebenzisa ukuzamazama kwe-nuclear, umehluko omkhulu kusemandleni azo kanye nobubanzi bokubhubhisa okungase kubangele, kanye nomthelela wazo wemvelo nempilo kubantu.
Ubani owenza ibhomu lenuzi?
Isazi sefiziksi saseMelika uRobert Oppenheimer wadala ibhomu lenuzi. Wazalwa ngo-April 1904, 1967 futhi washona ngo-February 1945, XNUMX. Wayaziwa nangokuthi “uBaba Webhomu Lenuzi.” U-Oppenheimer ufundise i-theoretical physics e-Princeton University. Ngaphambi kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, u-Oppenheimer wayehola iManhattan Project, eyayihlose ukukhiqiza izikhali zenuzi. Leli bhomu libhekwa njengezikhali ezibhubhisa kakhulu emlandweni, futhi labangela ukuqhuma kokuqala kwezikhali zenuzi ngo-XNUMX.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebhomu elihlaselayo nelivikelayo?
Ibhomu elihlaselayo lihlukile kubhomu elivikelayo ekusetshenzisweni kwalo kanye nomthelela eliwuzuzayo. Amabhomu ahlaselayo ngokuvamile asetshenziswa emisebenzini yezempi ehlaselayo noma yamaphekula, lapho ukuhlasela kuhloswe ukucekela phansi impokophelo ethile noma ukubulala izitha. Lawa mabhomu abonakala ngokuthi kungenzeka adalwe ngesandla futhi ngokushesha, futhi asebenza ngokuqhumisa izinto eziqhuma kakhulu njenge-dynamite noma i-cementox.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhomu avikelayo avame ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yokuzivikela yezempi noma ezimeni eziphuthumayo ukuze azivikele noma ukunciphisa ukuqhubekela phambili kwezitha. Lawa mabhomu afaka ukuqhunyiswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, njengoba elungiswa kusenesikhathi futhi abekwe ezindaweni eziqondile. Lawa mabhomu ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukudala umonakalo olinganiselwe nokugcina izitha zikude nezindawo ezivikelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhomu ahlaselayo ahlukile kumabhomu okuzivikela enanini nohlobo lweziqhumane ezisetshenzisiwe. Amabhomu ahlaselayo ngokuvamile aqukethe iziqhumane ezinkulu, eziwavumela ukuthi acekele phansi amathagethi amakhulu noma adale umonakalo omkhulu. Ngenkathi amabhomu avikelayo equkethe inani elincane leziqhumane, okuwenza agxile kakhulu ekudaleni umonakalo olinganiselwe kanye nomthelela wokuzivikela.
Ngokuvamile, amabhomu, noma ngabe ayahlasela noma ayavikela, ayahluka ngosayizi, izinto eziqhumayo ezisetshenziswayo, nezindlela zokuzisebenzisa, futhi kuncike enjongweni yawo ehlosiwe. Kubalulekile ukucabangela lo mehluko lapho usebenzisa lezi zikhali ezinamandla ukuze ugcine ukuphepha nokufinyelela imigomo oyifunayo.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ibhomu liqhume?
Ubude besikhathi esithathwayo ukuze kuqhume ibhomu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwebhomu, izingxenye zalo kanye nenjongo elisetshenziselwa yona. Uma kukhulunywa ngamabhomu ezempi, kuncike emandleni okuqhuma adingekayo kanye nezinto eziqhumayo ezisetshenziswa kuzo. Ngokuvamile, amabhomu amancane angathatha imizuzwana embalwa nje ukuqhuma, kuyilapho amabhomu amakhulu, anamandla angathatha imizuzu noma amahora ukusebenza.
Ezisetshenziswa zomphakathi ezifana nokuqhunyiswa kwe-dynamite emsebenzini wokubhidliza, amabhomu angathatha isikhathi eside ukuqhuma. Ingahle ihlelwe ukuthi iqhume ngesikhathi esithile ngemva kokubeka izinto eziqhumayo nokuxhuma izintambo zokuthungela ngendlela efanele. Uma inkinobho yokushisa icindezelwa, ibhomu lingathatha amasekhondi ambalwa ukuqhuma futhi libangele ukucekelwa phansi kwethagethi ebekiwe.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhomu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngaphandle kwemithetho nezimiso zokuziphatha kungaholela ekubhujisweni nasekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwempilo nempahla. Ngakho-ke, amabhomu kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela abantu abaqeqeshiwe futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuhle ukugwema noma yimiphi imiphumela engathandeki.
Siyini isisindo sebhomu?
Ibhomu lesandla lingesinye sezikhali ezilula nezisebenzayo ezisetshenziswa ezimpini nasezingxabanweni. Kwaziwa njengesiqhumane esiqhunyiswa ngesandla, futhi asidingi indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze siyisebenzise. Isisindo sebhomu siyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Amabhomu amancane nalula angaba nesisindo kusuka ku-100 amagremu kuya ku-1 kilogram, futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukulwa okuseduze namabanga alinganiselwe. Nakuba izisindo zamabhomu amakhulu kunawo wonke futhi abhubhisayo zivela ku-5 kg kuya ku-50 kg futhi zisetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa izakhiwo ezinkulu nezinhloso. Isisindo sebhomu sidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nohlu lomphumela walezi zikhali, njengoba amandla afanele wesisindo esithile akhethwa ngokuvumelana nomsebenzi okumele ufezwe.
